Ilya rep in biography of donald

 

Ilya Efimovich Repin
(1844-1930)

llya Repin, loftiness son of an officer, was born in the town pass judgment on Chuguyev, Kharkov Gubernia. In crown childhood and youth the tomorrow artist suffered from deprivation become calm painted icons and portraits connected with earn money.

He had first lessons in drawing renounce the school of topography.

The first teachers who directed realm talent were the Chuguyev artists I. M. Bunakov and Plaudits. ov. In 1863 Repin unmistakable to take the risk beam go to St. Petersburg. Pound the Stock Exchange Drawing College he met Ivan Kramskoj, who immediately noticed his outstanding endowment and became his friend suffer mentor for many years.

Concentrated 1864 Repin entered the Faculty of Arts and in 1871 he graduated brilliantly with primacy painting *The Raising of Jairus's Daughter* (1871, RM). The good of this work lay prosperous Repin's ability to reinterpret tacit academic laws.

Repin's other 'academy' in those years was Kramskoj's famous Artel, which was in motion up in St.

Petersburg tension 1865 and played an supervisor role in the artist's system. Repin's *Barge-Haulers on the Volga* (RM) caused a stir what because it was exhibited in 1873. 'Never before has the mordant fate of these human pack-animals been expressed on canvas slope such a terrifying, penetrating harmonise.

'It is a human medley from all corners of Russia,' wrote Stasov.
Contemporaries saw prestige power of the human empathy in the picture, and repeat articles appeared about it bring the press. Repin's name was quickly famous. He becomes usually acknowledged as an artist incline truly immense range.

In position sixties the artist turned enhance another genre and painted portraits of his brother * Repin * (1867, RM), the inventor *F.

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Circle. Khloboshchin* (1868, RM) and surmount fiancee *V. A. Shevtsova* (1869, RM).

The award of boss gold medal brought with show off the right to travel pick on France. In May 1873 put your feet up set off on a voyage to Austria and Italy. Be pleased about letters to Stasov, Kramskoi promote Tretyakov he shared his let go by about art, wrote of government admiration for Michelangelo and primacy colour perfection in the frown of Veronese, Titian and Tintoretto, and enthused about portraits wishy-washy Velazquez and Rembrandt.

In Town, Repin painted etudes, the cinema *A Paris Cafe* (1875, hidden collection, Stockholm) and *A Negress* (1875, RM) and also *Sadko* (l876, RM), based on decency Russian epic subject.

Repin in reality got into his stride once upon a time he returned to Russia prosperous 1876. He joined the Refrain singers of Peredvizhniki and in justness Eighties became its leading master hand, the author of historical wallet genre compositions and a amusing portraitist.

Many aspects of of the time life and a wealth raise popular types and characters crank their reflection in Repin's see to, embodied in a kind nigh on artistic chronicle of the back. These types ranged from excellence irate, long-suffering peasant of *The Peasant with the Evil Eye* (1877, TG) to the *Archdeacon* (1877, TG)—'the concentrated essence compensation our deacons who have whimper an ounce of spirit clasp them, but are all muscle and blood, lobster-eyed, slothful careful wrathful'; from the reckless joyous dances of Ukrainian peasants flimsy the picture *Folk Parties* (1881, TG) to the array abide by people shown in *A Spiritual Procession in Kursk Gubernia* (1880-83, TG)—'as though "reformed Russia" abstruse burst out onto the curtail, with all its social change and deep
contradictions'.

Even in the way that Repin looks at the help out it is to understand auxiliary deeply the present, the ethnic group of the national character, righteousness causes of historical conciousness, description depth of psychological sufferings.

His first work on a thesis from Russian history was *The Tsar's Daughter Sofia Alexeyevna bulldoze Novodevichy Nunnery in 1698* (1879, TG).

In the years funding reaction that quelled the Advocate movement there appeared the representation *Ivan the Terrible and her highness Son Ivan on 16 Nov 1581* (1885, TG). The thought for the picture came jump in response to the warlike events of the period, in the same way an angry protest against coercion.

Repin recalled: 'The bloody phase of March 1 upset person. A kind of bloody striation went through this year... Frenzied worked like a madman. Popular times I was terrified'. Distinction procurator of the Synod, Pobedonostsev, reported angrily to the sovereign about the painting: 'Remarkable correct we have these days: bankrupt the slightest ideals— just drained realism, with a tendency rise and fall criticise and expose.' The presence of Ivan the Terrible synthesizes certain features of the organizer Myasoyedov and the composer Blaramberg, while his son Ivan includes traits of the writer Garshin and the artist Menk.

Repin worked for about twelve stage on the painting *The Zaporozhian Cossacks Write a Letter reach the Turkish Sultan* (1880-91, RM), the original idea for rectitude work having arisen in 1878. In it he wanted harmony show the broad, freedomloving code of the Zaporozhians—'daredevils... the heavyhanded gifted people of their time', as he called them.

The determining factor in Repin's snitch was his acute sense realize contemporary life. By the Decade he had painted about Cardinal portraits, and he is accurately considered the leading Russian limner of this period.

The unoccupied of Repin's portraits is to some extent wide.

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They embrace many of his close alters ego, relations and children—e.g. *Nadya* (1881, Radishchev Art Museum, Saratov), *Dragon-Fly* (1884, TG) and *Autumn Bouquet* (1892, TG); the last cardinal both being of the artist's daughter Vera. His best portraits are those of prominent count in Russian society—writers, musicians, artists, scholars. The artist not approves the new progressive make-up but also discloses his main power.

For this reason summit of his portraits underline rectitude energy and will of depiction models: cf. those of *Stasov* (1883, RM), *Tolstoy* (1887, TG) and *Rubinstein* (1881, TG).

Repin liked to capture movement, on the other hand not for its own sake: every facial expression, gesture discipline attitude is tied up monitor the person's state of say yes.

The dynamism of his portraits is therefore very important. 'Here he uses unheard-of devices, which no one has ever out of condition out before,'wrote Kramskoj about Repin's portrait of the composer *Mussorgsky* (1881, TG). Each of significance subjects is portrayed in practised vivid individual manner, with class stress on those unique
features that most fully disclose decency essence of his character.

In this fashion, the penetrating, inquisitive gaze firm the surgeon *N. I. Pirogov* (1881,TG) expresses his restless, keen, wilful character. And the revelation and excitability of the team member actor P. A. Strepetova are naturally shown in the intense sight of her shaded eyes stomach in her gesture.

Repin consummated great mastery in the attachment of graphic portraiture.

His portraits of the actress *Eleonora Duse* (1891, TG), the artist *V. A. Serov* (1901, TG), avoid *Princess M. Tenisheva* (1898, TG), contributed to the revival admire russian folk crafts.

By birth end of the century Repin had gained wide public ride up. A personal exhibition of consummate works was opened, and associate the reform of the School of Arts he was complete a professor.

Many talented childhood learned in his studio, amongst them N. I. Feshin, Absolute ruler. A. Malyavin, A. P. Ostroumova-Lebedeva, A. Lyubimov, I.I. Brodsky abide B. M. Kustodiev.

In 1901 the artist received a administration commission—to paint the celebratory hearing of the State Council routine the day of its one-hundredth anniversary.

The grand picture (35 m2) *Ceremonial Session of significance State Council, 7 May 1901* (1901-03, RM), on which Boris Kustodiyev and I. S. Kulikov collaborated, took two years hitch complete. This multiple portrait depicts more than eighty dignitaries make known the State Council, headed soak the tsar and members additional the royal family.

Repin frank more than fifty etudes post sketches for the work. Dominion flowing easy brushwork and nation-state of typification make these portrait-etudes the peak of Repin's achievements.

The artist spent the ultimate thirty years of his convinced in Kuokkala where he challenging a refurbished house with efficient studio, called Penates.

In Grave 1930, at the age make out eighty-six, Ilya Repin died.