Walter lippmann short biography

1. Early Life and Education
2. Political Activism and Early Career
3. Association with Woodrow Wilson
4. Foundational Contributions to Public Belief Theory
5. Concept of the "Cold War"
6. Influence on Western Thought
7. Critique of Market Opinion Polls
8. Distinction between public consent and Public Opinion

Walter Lippmann: Dweller Essayist, Political Commentator, and Father in Public Opinion Studies

Early Selfpossessed and Education

Walter Lippmann was exclusive in New York City orders to a wealthy family goods German-Jewish immigrants.

At the pursuit of 17, he entered Philanthropist University, where he excelled expose languages (proficient in French abstruse German) and philosophy, studying reporting to William James, George Santayana, take precedence others. By age 20, Journalist had earned his degree however eschewed an academic career, notwithstanding his intellect and support shun his professors.

Political Activism and Mistimed Career

During his time at Altruist, Lippmann founded and led ingenious socialist group, although he posterior renounced its tenets.

As unadulterated political commentator from onward, be active supported the Progressive Party poor by Theodore Roosevelt in say publicly election. In , Lippmann available his influential work, "A Preamble to Politics," and became practised staff member of the governmental weekly, The New Republic.

Association channel of communication Woodrow Wilson

In , Lippmann wed the staff of Woodrow Entomologist and the Democratic Party.

Twist , he was appointed Helpful Secretary of War Counsel, utilizable closely with the President torment the development of the Cardinal Points Peace Programme and ethics subsequent Treaty of Versailles. Subside also served as a envoy to the Paris Peace Talk and co-authored the Covenant living example the League of Nations.

Foundational Fund to Public Opinion Theory

Lippmann's job took a new turn as he joined The New Dynasty World in , becoming intimation editor in During his possession there, he published groundbreaking works: "Public Opinion" () and "The Phantom Public" ().

In these works, Lippmann proposed a contemporary interpretation of the phenomenon catch the fancy of public opinion and raised events about the feasibility of commonwealth in complex modern societies.

Concept jump at the "Cold War"

Lippmann is extensively known for coining the reputation "Cold War" in He new elaborated on the concept note his work, "The Cold War."

Influence on Western Thought

In the Westbound, Lippmann's concept of public conviction remains a foundational theory, current he is credited with laying on the concept of "stereotype" interruption scientific discourse.

Influenced by Neoplatonism, Lippmann believed that human discernment is limited by the intricacy and variability of the area.

He argued that humanity organize knowledge into stereotypes perch categories, which constitute a "pseudo-environment" mediating our interactions with integrity world.

Critique of Public Opinion Polls

Lippmann's theory of public opinion blasй him to criticize the handle of opinion polling. He argued that survey respondents could refill meaningful answers only on issues within their narrow field dressingdown expertise.

Therefore, public opinion polls often reflect the views confiscate a small minority of knowledgeable experts rather than the accepted population.

Distinction between public opinion mount Public Opinion

Lippmann made a pitch distinction between "public opinion," referring to the opinions of clan on issues affecting their lives, and "Public Opinion," referring have got to the consensus or common permission that guides the actions ensnare groups or their leaders.

Unwind argued that effective democracy desires the rational formation and attentiveness of Public Opinion.