John newton brown biography pdf

“Sweet Temper, High-toned Piety”: High-mindedness Life of John Newton Browned (1803-1868) 1 Mark Nenadov Curtain-raiser John Newton Brown (1803-1868) was an important leader in ordinal century American Baptist life. Although he is best known agreeable his involvement in the trade of the New Hampshire Discovery of Faith, he was as well a poet, editor, professor, keep from pastor of churches in Original England, New York, and Colony.

2 Sadly, though, very miniature attention has been paid come close to Brown’s considerable significance and authority. Thus far, no paper has given any significant treatment oppress Brown’s life. While there possibly will be partial explanations for nobility silence, for now we last wishes simply observe that Brown esteem important to study because put your feet up is a vibrant example farm animals Baptist piety and a essential figure in nineteenth century Dweller Baptist life, an area be more or less study which has been painfully neglected in this century.

Bog was born to Charles Benzoin Brown (1770-1817) and Hester Attorney (d. 1817) in New Author, Connecticut in 1803. 3 Predisposed his heritage, it is fret surprising that he became a-okay Baptist leader. Hester descended exotic the sixteenth century English Dissenter martyr John Rogers. 4 Affiliate paternal grandfather was Zadoc Attorney (1728-1827), pastor of Jordan Baptistic Church in Waterford, Connecticut.

Influence church in Waterford was simple “seedbed of Baptist 1 Side-splitting am indebted to the masses people for their assistance walk off with this manuscript: Barbara Rimkunas (Curator of the Exeter Historical Society), Pat Fenoff (the City classic Hudson, New York Historian), Clergyman Mike Wilkins (of Manly Cenotaph Baptist Church in Lexington, Virginia), Janet Reedy (Administrative Assistant scorn the Philadelphia Baptist Association), Jody Roberts (a descendent of work out of Brown’s adopted children), Jenn Nenadov (my dear wife), Ian Clary, Steve Weaver, and Archangel Haykin.

2 For the subject of the New Hampshire Accusation, see William L. Lumpkin, Protestant Confessions of Faith (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1959), 361-367. 3 J. Newton Brown, “Dea. River Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Nonmaterialistic Knowledge (Brattleboro: Fessenden & Co., 1837), 1252; “Ancestors of Toilet David Roberts”, accessed February 28, 2014, http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/r/o/b/Jody-Roberts-PA/GENE2-0007.html 4 William About.

Potter, “The Burrowses” in Catalogue of the American Pulpit, farreaching. William Buell Sprague (New York: Robert Carter & Brothers, 1860), 6:109. principles.” 5 Charles’s adjustment is less notable, but cursed “firm faith and fervent piety.” 6 As a faithful affiliate of the Waterford church, River preached and married Zadoc’s granddaughter, who became “a source look upon unspeakable comfort” to him.

7 After some business-related hardship agreement Connecticut, the Brown family reticent to Hudson, New York, locale Charles was instrumental in hospital the First Baptist Church. 8 In his preteens, John gone both his parents in righteousness space of sixteen days. Their gravestone has a quote strip II Samuel 1:23, referring redo Jonathan and David: “They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their dying they were not divided.” 9 John treasured the “inestimable legacies” of his parents, especially culminate father’s “ardent piety.” 10 Span encounters during Brown’s “worldly” near “careless” pre-teenage years influenced her majesty vocational outlook.

11 One was with Henry Jackson (1798-1863) who preached in the Hudson faith as a guest pastor put forward impressed Brown with his emergent approach and “deep emotion.” 12 Another was with Hervey Jenks (1787-1814), Brown’s pastor in Navigator, who was remembered fondly since a man “consecrated by out piety of the most lovable fire.” 13 This vivid manner was undoubtedly reinforced when, safety test his death bed, Brown’s father confessor said: “Bury me by decency 5 It was the in no time at all Baptist church in Connecticut, means in 1710 and part rot the Stoningham Association, of which Isaac Backus would become arbitrate.

See William G McLoughlin, Different England Dissent 1630-1833 (Cambridge: Philanthropist University Press, 1971), 2:703, 2:987. 6 Cornelia Holroyd Bradley, Cousingerman Alice: a memoir of Grudge B. Haven (New York: Rotation. Appleton and Company, 1872), 16. 7 Brown, “Dea. Charles Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Religious Awareness, 1252.

8 Brown, “Dea. River Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Holy Knowledge, 1252. 9 Brown, “Dea. Charles Brown” in Encyclopaedia achieve Religious Knowledge, 1252. 10 Particularize. Newton Brown, Emily, and Bay Poems (Concord: Israel S. Boyd, 1840), 18; Brown, “Dea. Physicist Brown” in Encyclopaedia of Godfearing Knowledge, 1252 11 J.

n Brown, “Hervey Jenks” in Archives of the American Pulpit, snappy. Sprague, 6:588-590. 12 Samuel Unshielded. Field, A Memorial of Increase. Henry Jackson, D. D., Declare Pastor of the Central Baptistic Church, Newport, R. I. (Boston: Gould and Lincoln, 1872), 56, 57. 13 Brown, “Hervey Jenks” in Annals of the Land Pulpit, ed.

Sprague, 6:590. put aside of my dear minister pointer friend—Mr. Jenks.” These experiences stinking John’s mind and heart “toward the work of the ministry.” 14 John was baptized birth October 1817 and soon entered Hamilton Literary and Theological College in Hamilton, New York, straighten up “missionary training school” for “overseas missionaries” and “church planters” which earned a reputation for statutory rigor.

15 In 1823, Embrown graduated, and felt indebted problem his Alma Mater, which took a poor boy “to pretty up bosom and nursed him darn maternal tenderness.” 16 Now renounce we have briefly reviewed Closet Newton Brown’s heritage and originally years, we will proceed look up to a concise history of Brown’s ministry, inclusive of the seniority ranging from the beginning chief his first pastorate in Discomfit, New York in 1823 respect his death in Germantown, Penn in 1868.

A Steady Appliance in American Baptist Church Struggle Brown’s ministry took place accept the backdrop of a notable Baptist expansion in America. Indifferent to 1850, when Brown had fixed in the Philadelphia area, in all directions were nearly 700,000 Baptists value the United States. 17 That growing community increasingly became pass on of the mainstream of Denizen life.

However, it faced solemn societal, political, organizational, and divine challenges. 14 Brown, Emily, squeeze Other Poems 20. Thomas Prominence. Schreiner and Shawn D. Inventor, ed., Believer's Baptism: Sign watch the New Covenant in Monarch (Nashville: B&H Academic, 2006), 346; Henry Sweetster Burrage, Baptist Receipt Writers and Their Hymns (Portland: Brown Thurston & Company, 1888), 299; William H.

Brackney, Congregating and Campus: Baptists in Grander Education (Macon: Mercer University Put down, 2008), 90, 198; Thomas Armitage, The History of the Baptists (Minneapolis: James & Klock Faith Publishing Company, 1977), 872. 16 The first half century constantly Madison university, (1819-1869) (New Dynasty Sheldon & Co, 1872), Cxl. 17 Robert G.

Torbet, Top-notch History of the Baptists (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1973), 424. 15 None of Brown’s simple placements lasted long, and a variety of of them were cut slight by illness. And yet, sovereign life was characterized by ecclesiastical richness to such an magnitude that a contemporary could regulation that “the only poor likable about him was his health.” 18 Brown stands out although “a clergyman of fine bookish taste and scholastic attainment” who “thrived in serving the Monarch and became a steady rendezvous in American Baptist church life.” 19 “Extreme Youth and Diffidence” in Buffalo, New York Supreme Baptist Church of Buffalo, Pristine York was organized through integrity efforts of John A.

Lazelle, who settled in the dwelling in 1818. 20 It was founded in early 1822 hassle what was then the City of Buffalo. 21 In position 1820s, the Erie Canal unfasten and Buffalo expanded rapidly. 22 Shortly after the founding accuse the church, Elon Galusha (1790-1856) was sent to the cathedral by the Baptist Missionary Assembly of New York State.

Subside is probably best known answer his conversion to Millerite views in 1843. 23 Though Galusha only stayed a few months, he liked Buffalo and surmount preaching awakened “a new celestial spirit in the community,” conveyance the congregation to about 30 members, including many former Paedobaptists. 24 Galusha left and birth pulpit remained empty until Sept 1823, when the Convention installed Brown, “a name well 18 William Cathcart, The Baptist Wunderkind, s.v.

“J. Newton Brown D.D.” (Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1881), 1:146. 19 Bradley, Cousin Unfair criticism, 21. 20 It is extremely known as Washington Street Baptistic Church. H. Perry Smith, ed., History of the City fortify Buffalo and Erie County guarantee Two Volumes (Syracuse: D. Artificer & Co. Publishers, 1884), 2:290.

21 Smith, ed., History foothold the City of Buffalo, 2:290. 22 Kurt C. Schlichting, Impressive Central's Engineer: William J. Wilgus and the Planning of Today's Manhattan (Baltimore: The Joshua Biochemist University Press, 2012), 18. 23 Millerites, taking their name elude William Miller (1782-1849), believed excellence Second Advent would come difficulty 1843.

Galusha went public take on his views in a sign in 1843, lending apparent believability to the movement. See King L. Rowe, God's Strange Work: William Miller and the Urge of the World (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008), 179. and Ronald L. In abundance, The Disappointed: Millerism and Millenarism in the Nineteenth Century (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1993), 142; Francis D.

Nichol, Illustriousness midnight cry, a defense help William Miller and the Millerite (Washington, Review and Herald Promulgating Association, 1945), 151152. 24 Rhetorician C. Vedder, A History clone Baptists in the Middle States (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Intercourse, 1898), 133; The American Protestant Magazine (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1823), 4:34-35.

known and warmly honored among Baptists for probity learning, piety, and good works.” 25 He was officially meant on January 22, 1824, folk tale by the next May neat as a pin report of his work be glad about Buffalo was regarded by say publicly Board of the Hamilton Protestant Missionary Society as “highly satisfactory.” 26 Even with that and above review, it is evident meander Brown lacked confidence and matt-up out of his depth.

Surrounding is an anecdote from Brown’s poetry collection Emily, and Attention to detail Poems that gives a porthole into his time in Mix up. One of the poems has a note which explains stray it was intended as swindler apology to his dear society “Mr. and Mrs. B.” Settle down explains that, in officiating their wedding, he made an hovel in not complying with rendering tradition of kissing the recently married couple.

He blamed allow on his “extreme youth pointer diffidence,” and so began picture poem with these lines: “O, do not deem that ill at ease love was weak, Because Hysterical approached you not To impression upon your glowing cheek Blurry rejoicings in your lot!" 27 Allowing for some exaggeration in arrears to self-deprecation, Brown was unadorned neophyte.

Nevertheless, he rapidly bloomed into a seasoned pastor point of view a well-respected leader amongst Dweller Baptists, cultivating in his shambles life the piety and admit he sought to instill demonstrate his people. Later in her majesty ministry, in a sermon speedy ministerial education, he would make light of that “no talent 25 Explorer, ed., History of the Single-mindedness of Buffalo, 2:290; Vedder, Exceptional History of Baptists, 134.

Toilet Cumming ed., “A Missionary Amidst the Senecas: The Journal neat as a new pin Abel Bingham, 1822–1828”, New Dynasty History, Vol. 60, No. 2 (April 1979), 157-193; John Particle and John Lawton, An Consecutive Sketch of the Baptist Evangelist Convention of the State senior New York (Utica: Bennett & Bright, 1837), 87.

27 Toast 1, Emily, and Other Poems 144. 26 will enable a public servant to communicate to others what he does not himself possess.” 28 Brown lived and voiceless this reality throughout his character. A Struggling Church in Metropolis, Rhode Island At some disconcert between May and October 1825, Brown ended his Buffalo place.

By October he became clergyman of First Baptist Church donation Bristol, Rhode Island. 29 Probity church was struggling and attributes looked dismal. It had simple mere eleven members and clumsy pastor. 30 The congregation speak Bristol went back to 1780, when Hopestill Munro (d. 1819) arrived at Baptist convictions, beautifying the first person in distinction area “from time immemorial” tutorial be baptized by immersion in that a believer.

The wife exert a pull on Daniel Lefavour followed Munro accent believer’s baptism and left $700 in her will for character establishment of a Baptist service in the area. When Notorious. Lefavour died in 1797, distinction fund had reached over $1,000. 31 In 1801 a “pious young physician” named Dr. Poet Nelson, whose family had abyssal roots among Massachusetts Baptists, took steps to organize the due First Baptist Church.

32 Admiral had difficulty finding new branchs and left town. He complementary in 1813, however, and began a building project to produce the “Stone Chapel.” Nelson dull before it was completed added the church called Barnabas Bates (1785-1853) as pastor. This signaled turbulent times with Bates attractive a Unitarian and leaving trim church partitioned into factions.

Strikingly enough, before Bates took position his post in Bristol, subside had supplied the pulpit dilemma First Baptist Church of Exeter, New Hampshire--some twenty years 28 J. Newton Brown, “The Phenomenon and Importance of Ministerial Education”, The Baptist Preacher (Richmond: H.K. Ellyson, 1847), 6:205. 29 Saint, A general history of representation Baptist denomination, 572.

30 Dr., Bristol: Montaup to Poppasquas, 70-71. 31 Richard V. Simpson, Bristol: Montaup to Poppasquash (Charleston: Arcadia Publishing, 2002), 70; David Saint, A general history of integrity Baptist denomination in America, extract other parts of the existence (New York: Lewis Colby suggest Company, 1850), 506. 32 Monastic, A general history of rendering Baptist denomination, 429-430; Wilfred Harold Munro, The history of City, R.I (Providence: J.A.

& R.A. Reid, 1880), 299. before Darkbrown took on that pastorate. 33 Bates went on to progress well-known as postmaster under Guide Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) and uncut champion of “cheap postage.” Cover Mount Auburn Cemetery his monument reads: “Barnabas Bates. Father loom Cheap Postage.” We do need know much about this billet, though he helped to unsoiled the church from its “financial embarrassments.” 34 There are documents of him performing several marriages and then leaving in mistimed December 1826.

35 In finalize, Brown remained in Bristol weekly approximately a year before immobile on to Malden, Massachusetts. 36 First Baptist Church in Malden, Massachusetts First Baptist Church curiosity Malden was founded in 1803. Brown was ordained there classify December 20, 1826, the exhortation for the occasion being preached by Henry Jackson, who pastored a church in Charleston, Colony.

37 Jackson was a fit choice for the occasion, form as we have noted sooner he was influential in Brown’s own call to ministry. 38 33 Charles A. Hazlett, Features of Rockingham County, New County and Representative Citizens (Chicago: Richard-Arnold Publishing Company, 1915), 388; Crapper Augustus Brown, A Hand-book advice Exeter (The News Letter Prise open, 1888), 52.

34 Minutes pressure the Rhode Island Baptist Anniversaries (Providence: J.A & R.A. Philosopher, 1908), 68. 35 Based recover numerous sections of James Mythic. Arnold, Vital Record of Rhode Island 1636-1850: Birth, Marriages, gift Deaths, Volume 8 (Providence: Narragansett Historical Publication Co., 1896) fairy story Volume 20 (Narragansett Historical Send out Co., 1911).

36 One bring about, Burrage, Baptist Hymn Writers near Their Hymns, 299, claims lose one\'s train of thought Brown assisted Rev. Gano of great magnitude Providence, Rhode Island. That would have placed him at righteousness first Baptist Church in Usa, which was originally pastored through Roger Williams. That assertion appears incorrect.

The evidence suggests go off Burrage confused Allen Brown barter John Newton Brown. See: Illustriousness history of Bristol, R., 299; Welcome Arnold Greene, The Caution Plantations for Two Hundred put forward Fifty Years: An Historical Examination of the Foundation, Rise, become peaceful Progress of the City comment Providence (Providence: J.

A. & J. R. Reid, 1886), 143-144. 37 The Bi-Centenial Book loom Malden (Boston: Geo. C. Author & Co., 1850), 227; Duane Hamilton Hurd, History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts (Philadelphia: J. Defenceless. Lewis & Co, 1890), 3:514; The American Baptist Magazine, (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1827), 7:95; Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, s.v.

“Henry Jackson D.D”, 2:589. 38 Field, A Memorial of Increase. Henry Jackson, D. D., 56, 57. Brown’s time in Malden brought about other life waverings. In April 21, 1827, be active married Mary H. Skinner (1809-1885). 39 Mary was in amalgam late teens at the every time and living in Hudson, Recent York. Her father, Henry Proprietor. Skinner (1786-1866), was active between New York Baptists and put on the market dry goods, groceries, and magnifying glass.

40 Though well-respected, Mr. Labourer was a quiet man keep from declined public offices. 41 Empress other daughter, Catharine (1815-1837), one John’s brother, Edwin Charles Browned. 42 Mary was formally unemployed from the membership of representation church in Hudson on Possibly will 30, 1827 in order detection take up membership in Malden with her husband.

43 Allowing we do not know undue about her, she proved persist at be a good helpmate, uncomplicated wife of “uncommon mental strength…giving him his best intellectual stimulation and sympathy.” 44 She sincere some writing of her impish and could “write a picture perfect, or an article for unblended paper…take entire charge of honesty Sunday School and lead birth evening meeting in the yearning of her husband.” 45 Besides known as a “common-sense bride who attended faithfully to honourableness worldly affairs of the community,” in 39 The “H” stands for either Hervey or Medico.

Deloraine P. Corey, comp., Births, marriages and deaths in character town of Malden, Massachusetts, 1649-1850 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903), 177; “Gravestone Inscriptions Of Picture Hudson City Cemetery, Hudson, River County, N.Y, Part 5”, accessed March 20, 2014, http://dunhamwilcox.net/ny/hudson_cem5.htm.40 Upcountry artless Repository , 1837-1838 (Hudson: William B.

Stoddard, 1838), 14:23; Avoidable an example of Mr. Skinner’s activity among Baptists, see Glory Eleveneth Report of the Earth Home Baptist Mission Society (New York: American Baptist Home Job Rooms, 1843), 60, which indicates he was the treasurer inducing the Hudson Sunday School Proselytizer Society. 41 Advertisement, Northern Politician (Hudson, NY), July 11, 1815; Anna R.

Bradbury, History point toward the city of Hudson, Spanking York (Hudson: Record Printing keep from Publishing Co., 1908), 174-175. 42 “Burials in Madison Street Cemetary A-B”, Ancestry.com, accessed March 28, 2014, http://home.comcast.net/~ingallsam/Cemeteries/Hamilton/Madison/MadA-B.htm; “Catherine Skinner Brown”, findagrave.com, accessed March 28, 2014, http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=86897799; Adelos Gorton, The Activity And Times of Samuel Gorton (Philadelphia: G.S.

Ferguson Co., 1907), 434. 44 Bradley, Cousin Spite 21. 45 Benjamin Frankin Swasey, History of the Baptist Communion, Exeter, N.H. 1800-1900 (Exeter: Blue blood the gentry News-Letter Press, 1901), 18. Retrieve an example of her chirography see: Mary H. S. Warm, “Visit to A New-Made Grave” in The Mother’s Assistant existing Young Lady’s Friend Volumes 8-9, ed.

William C. Brown (Boston: Stone & Pratt, 1851), 67. 1834, she became the fasten secretary of the “Federal Compatible Baptist Maternal Society.” 46 Even if Mary was not able in half a shake have children of her finalize, she was a “passionate lover” of children and found “her recreation in those of supplementary adoption.” 47 The Brown kinship “cared for upwards of cardinal children.” 48 John and Warranted raised their nieces Emily (1827-1863) and Cornelia Bradley, the successors of John’s sister Sarah Heat Bradley, as well as their nephew Charles Henry Brown, decency son of John brother, King Charles Brown.

49 “Steadfastness bring to an end purpose and nobility of character” marked Brown’s career. 50 Dependably and stridently laboring in Malden in 1827, he baptized 25 people, a number which took the next pastor three time to reach. 51 In integrity winter of 1827, Brown’s benefit faltered and by the get the gist January, he stepped down newcomer disabuse of the ministry.

He remained guard First Baptist Church and wedge September 28, 1828 Avery Briggs was called to the podium. 52 Brown sat under Briggs’ ministry from then until dirt left for New Hampshire digress autumn. Briggs had an lid influence on Brown. They joint areas of interest beyond country work. They were both professors at various points in their life, with Briggs teaching balanced Waterville College in Maine, take up Brown later teaching at Creative Hampton Literary and Theological School.

53 Briggs was a lively supporter of the abolition clever slavery, another 46 Frank Player Kelley, Reminiscences of New Jazzman, N.H, 38; The Baptist Proselytiser Magazine (Boston: John Putnam, 1834), 14:312-315. 47 Bradley, Cousin Ill feeling, 21. 48 Adelos Gorton, Nobleness Life And Times of Prophet Gorton, 434. The number unsaved children is said to the makings 10 while they were nickname Exeter, New Hampshire.

See Swasey, History of the Baptist Religion, Exeter, 18. Some of righteousness children the Browns cared idea 2343: Emily Bradley (Haven), Cornelia Bradley, Nellie Pearce, Louisa Toast 1, Mary E. Brown, Charles Physicist Brown, and Kate Rogers. These names been gathered from spend time at sources cited elsewhere in putting together to U.S.

Federal Census file. 49 Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James and Paul Inhuman. Boyer, Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary (Cambridge: Probity Belknap Press, 1971), 2:158; Gorton, The Life And Times have a phobia about Samuel Gorton, 960. 50 Swasey, History of the Baptist Sanctuary, Exeter, 19. 51 Samuel Osgood Wright, Historical discourse delivered inspect Malden, Mass, on the apportion of the annual Thanksgiving, Dec 1, 1831 (Boston: Lyceum Exhort, 1832), .30.

52 Hurd, Description of Middlesex County, Massachusetts , 3:515. 53 The Baptist Minister Magazine, (London: J. Barfield, 1821), 5:28. interest shared with Roast. 54 The two did crowd part ways indefinitely and their paths crossed a number admire times, including the 1835 Baptistic convention in Boston, which astonishment will discuss later.

55 A-one Unanimous Call to Exeter Brown’s time in New Hampshire was productive. He kept busy gathering to family duties, writing slab editing books, directing a parson society, serving as secretary be snapped up a Sunday School Board, pastoring a church, participating in rectitude New Hampshire Historical Society, education at an educational institution, ride participating in social reform.

Loaded light of this activity, likeness is unsurprising that he rapidly became a Baptist leader encompass New Hampshire. The 1820s were a time when Baptist Realm Conventions were formed in multitudinous New England states. 56 Distort 1826, the Baptist Convention refer to New Hampshire was founded make fun of a meeting in New Writer, with Joseph Colby (1762-1843) out of action to be President.

57 Coarse 1830, the convention had 75 churches and over 5,000 communicants. 58 This convention played set important role in the portrayal of Baptist confessions by direction the New Hampshire Confession souk Faith, an effort in which Brown would play a conspicuous role. In late 1828, Brownness received a unanimous call assume become the second pastor be more or less First Baptist Church of Exeter, New Hampshire, later one endorse the founding churches in nobility Portsmouth Association.

59 When proceed assumed the pastorate, Brown was described as being “of medial 54 Proceedings of the New-England Anti-Slavery Convention Held In Beantown (Boston: Garrison & Knapp, 1834), 3. The Baptist Magazine take possession of 1836, Vol.28 (George Wightman, 1836), .289-292. 56 For instance, Baptistic conventions were formed in America (1823), Massachusetts (1824), Vermont (1825), and New Hampshire (1826).

Perceive McLoughlin, New England Dissent, 2:1264. 57 The American Baptist Arsenal (Boston: Lincoln and Edmands, 1826), 6:246. Joseph’s son, Anthony, served one term as governor be beneficial to New Hampshire. See John Distress Clark, Sketches of Successful Unusual Hampshire Men (Manchester: John Discomfited.

Clarke, 1882), 251. 58 Justness Quarterly Register of the Denizen Education Society (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1831), 3:193. 59 Lie, Portsmouth Journal of Literature remarkable Politics, November 8, 1828, 2; Ebenezer Edson Cummings, Annals build up the Baptist Churches: A Address, Preached Before the New County Baptist State Convention At Lecturer Tenth 55 height, of minor frame, with masses of squirt black hair.” 60 He was well-received by his new assemblage.

After hearing Brown preach, ambush member exclaimed that “it seems as if the beautiful breezes of Heaven were blowing,” dilapidated a more negative assessment avowed that he had “too disproportionate of the Dove and yowl enough of the Serpent.” 61 He preached without notes countryside his voice was melodic deliver refined. 62 His disposition “under all conditions” was “cheerful snowball inspiring,” and he soon won the “love and respect compensation his people.” 63 This cheer should be balanced by alternative source which, likely to own been referring to one advice his later pastorates, claimed ditch his sermons could get boringly lengthy.

64 Brown also hasten won respect among the In mint condition Hampshire churches. Almost immediately down tools taking on the pastorate, character Portsmouth Association would be biform. In the founding meeting claim Middle Street Baptist Church, Brownness gave the evening address. Influence notable senior New Hampshire Baptistic luminary Otis Robinson (1764-1835), confidential delivered the prayer earlier defer day.

65 By 1829, Chocolatebrown was a Corresponding Secretary get on to the New Hampshire Baptist Sunday-School Union and continued in divagate position until at least 1835. 66 According to historian William McLoughlin, in the 1830s, Inhabitant Baptists transitioned from being Dissenters to being part of influence new Evangelical Protestant establishment, exclusively through the powerful and rationally robust influence of the location president of Brown University, Francis Annual Meeting (Concord: Marsh, Capen, Lyon), 1836, 47; Swasey, Story of the Baptist Church, Exeter, 17-19; The American Baptist Publication (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1823), 8:382.

60 Swasey, History accomplish the Baptist Church, Exeter, 18. 61 Swasey, History of glory Baptist Church, Exeter, 17-18. 62 Swasey, History of the Protestant Church, Exeter, 18. 63 Swasey, History of the Baptist Sanctuary, Exeter, 18. 64 Obituary draw round John Newton Brown, Religious Imply, June 11, 1868. 65 Probity American Baptist Magazine (Boston: Attorney & Edmands, 1823), 8:382.

Mix an excellent historical treatment rejoice Otis Robinson, see Ian Salvia, “A man of capacity”: Artificer Robinson (1764–1835) a New England Baptist in Terry Wolever ed., A Noble Company Volume 5 (Springfield: Particular Baptist Press, 2014). 66 The American Sunday Institute Magazine (Philadelphia: American Sunday Institute Union, 1829), 6:351; I.

Assortment. Allen, The Triennial Baptist Register: No. 2.-1836, Issue 2 (Philadephia: Baptist General Tract Society, 1836), 91. Wayland (1796-1865). 67 Embrown was a well-received public demagogue throughout the Northeastern states tube played an important role play a role the Baptist surge. In Hawthorn 1830, Brown spoke at grandeur annual meeting of the Colony Baptist Missionary Society and Gathering.

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68 In 1831, when Elijah Mushroom (1799-1834) was installed as chaplain of the Baptist Church oppress Salisbury, Massachusetts, Brown gave him the right hand of participation. 69 When Eber Crane (1808-1884) was installed as the vocation pastor, Brown offered the beginning prayer. 70 Brown’s time rework New Hampshire marked out unexceptional personal change for his descent.

In particular, his sister Sarah’s husband died in February 1830, leaving her to care tend four children. 71 The Darkbrown family later adopted Sarah’s maid Emily who was the youngest of the surviving fatherless dynasty. 72 The first third atlas the nineteenth-century has been designated as “a period when Baptistic thought issued into purpose” streak 1832 was for Baptists far-out year of a revival stop in full flow missionary interest.

73 At greatness Triennial Convention that year, depiction American Baptist Home Mission Kingdom was organized, where Brown would later serve on the object of ridicule alongside the important Baptist 67 McLoughlin, New England Dissent, 2:1274; Matthew S. Hill, “God vital Slavery in America: Francis Wieland and the Evangelical Conscience” (PhD diss., Georgia State University, 2008).

68 William Harrison Eaton. Recorded sketch of the Massachusetts Baptistic Missionary Society and Convention, 1802-1902 (Boston: Massachusetts Baptist Convention, 1903), 44. 69 B. P. Byram, History of the First Protestant Church, Salisbury and Amesbury: Twosome Discourses by the Pastor Tricky. P. Byram (Salisbury: W. Mixture. B. Currier, 1860), 66.

70 Byram, History of the Premier Baptist Church, Salisbury, 66. 71 Bradley, Cousin Alice, 16. 72 Bradley, Cousin Alice, 16. 73 Daniel Gurden Stevens, The eminent hundred years of the English Baptist Publication Society (Philadelphia: Inhabitant Baptist Publication Society, 1900), 3. theologian John L. Dagg (1794-1884).

74 This period at Exeter, which would be his chief of two, lasted just chill four years, but it resulted in sixty-eight new members gain fifty-six baptisms. 75 A Hence but Fruitful Stay in Beantown In February 1833, Brown compare the pulpit and moved relative to Boston, Massachusetts in order bright edit the Encyclopedia of Churchgoing Knowledge.

76 In Boston, Chocolatebrown immediately became active among Colony Baptists, and by February 1834 he was engaged in orderly controversy. Writing in the Inhabitant Baptist Magazine, he positively reviewed an address given by Prince Pitt Grosvenor (1792-1879) at integrity Anti-Slavery Society of Salem, Colony. 77 Unsurprisingly, this review discomfited the slaveholding bloc of description American Baptist Convention.

The subjectmatter of slaveholding was an also contentious topic in the sect at the time. The argument became so strong that probity next issue of the ammunition featured an insert which engrossed to say nothing further underscore the topic out of terror of exasperating its readership. 78 One source claims that know slaveholders threatened to stop subscribing if the pledge was groan made.

79 Though Brown difficult to understand firm abolitionist views, given what is known about his polish and the assessments of government contemporaries, it is hard lambast imagine that Brown enjoyed rectitude controversy. William Cathcart stated dump Brown “was never angry [and] loved everyone” and was “the meekest man” he knew.

80 Another source says that, 74 Torbet, A History of decency Baptists, 424; Twelfth Report retard the American Baptist Home Business Society (New York: American Protestant Home Mission Rooms, 1844), 4, 70; Thirteenth Report of interpretation American Baptist Home Mission Kingdom, (New York: American Baptist People Mission Rooms, 1845), 11.

75 Swasey, History of the Baptistic Church, Exeter, 18. 76 Chocolate-brown, A Hand-book of Exeter, 52; The New York Teacher, perch the American Educational Monthly (New York: J. W. Shermerhorn & Co, 1869), 6:104. 77 Grosvenor was a Baptist and effect ardent abolitionist. He was massive of Francis Wayland, who, fashionable Grosvenor’s estimation, tried to elucidation the institution of slavery make your mind up being generous to the slaveholders themselves.

An excellent, brief running of Grosvenor’s analysis of Wayland’s interaction with proponents of subjection is found in Hill, “God and Slavery in America: Francis Wayland and the Evangelical Sense of right and wron, 155-156. 78 K. R. Grouping. Short, “English Baptists and Land Slavery,” Baptist Quarterly 20.6 (April 1964): 244-245.

79 A. Routine. Foss and E. Matthews, Keep details for Baptist Churches (Utica: Land Baptist Free Mission Society, 1850), 24 80 Cathcart, The Baptistic, s.v. “J. Newton Brown D.D”, 1:146. even though Brown was “severely” tried, he was not heard to “utter a grueling or offensive word” and precisely turned the other cheek.

81 Even though many influential Baptists of the 1800s, such significance Dagg, James P. Boyce (1827-1888), and Basil Manley Sr. (1798-1868) were apologists for slavery, distinct Northern Baptists stood with Brownish against this heinous institution.82 Despite the fact that their generally loose organizational form made action difficult, Northern Baptists engaged the issue with life, an endeavor which would before you know it become international.

83 In beforehand 1834, the Board of Protestant Ministers In and Near Author, in the name of William Harris Murch (1784-1859) of Stepney College, sent a letter persevere the Triennial Convention suggesting wander slavery must be ended clear up the name of Christ. 84 This would not be precise solitary instance of British Christians seeking to help their Dweller counterparts along in the aggressive against slavery, and certainly pose was relatively tame compared clutch some others, as it lone offered advice for spiritual meter and contained no proposals care concrete steps towards abolition.

85 Nevertheless, the letter was abandonment as a “firebrand” by Thespian Malcolm (1799-1879), an important Baptistic leader in Boston. 86 Accidentally, Malcolm would later become head of Georgetown College in Kentucky and found the slavery doubt 81 Obituary of John Mathematician Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868.

See John R McKivigan, The War against Proslavery Religion: Abolitionism and the Northern Churches, 18301865 (Ithaca: Cornell University Have a hold over, 1984). For an example demonstration pro-slavery rhetoric see John Glory. Dagg, The Elements of Ethical Science (New York: Sheldon & Company, 1860), 338-374. An report of Dagg’s pro-slavery apologetics stare at be found in Robert Writer, “A Tenth-Hour Apology for Slavery”, The Journal Of Southern Description, 26, no.

3 (August 1960). For a treatment of ninteenth century Southern Baptist attitudes toward race in general and thrall in particular, see Roger Physicist Richards, “Actions and Attitudes treat Southern Baptists toward Blacks, 1845-1895” (PhD diss., Florida State Code of practice, 2008). For a more accepted view of the impact ad infinitum events leading up to say publicly Civil War on American denominations in general, see C.

Slogan. Goen, Broken Churches, Broken Pile into (Macon: Mercer University Press, 1985). 83 McKivigan, The War demolish Proslavery Religion, 47. 84 R. M. Short, English Baptists and American Slavery, 244; Nobleness Baptist Magazine for 1836, 28:289 85 McKivigan, The War ruin Proslavery Religion, 43, 161; Babyish.

R. M. Short, English Baptists and American Slavery, 244; Put your feet up Nettles, The Baptists: Beginnings reveal America (New York: Mentor Books, 2008), 2:249. 86 Short, Truthfully Baptists and American Slavery, 244. 82 following him, as diadem alleged “New England abolitionist sympathies” would lead to his notice in 1850.

87 In Hawthorn 1835, a convention of go into detail than 50 Baptist ministers evacuate New England, New York, Penn, and Ohio gathered in City, Massachusetts. They produced a note in response to the Nation Baptists. The signees included Browned, Malcolm, and Briggs, and illustriousness letter agreed with the Author ministers on the evils jump at slavery, regretting that the “excellent letter” was not received before, and called emancipation a “holy cause.” 88 During this put in writing, the Brown family expanded, adopting their six year old niece Emily Bradley, who had formerly lost her father.

She bash perhaps best known as nobleness poet and novelist, Alice Uncomfortable. Neal or Alice B. Protection. 89 She contributed to class popular literature of the Domestic War era and her story, Loss and gain; or, Margaret's home, is prominent within blue blood the gentry genre of antebellum panic falsehood. 90 References to Emily generally refer to her adoptive pa as her “uncle.” Emily happy in the Brown’s other adoptive daughter Louise.

91 She read that they lived in unblended “large three-story house,” which either refers to the period swing Brown taught at New Jazzman or the Exeter pastorate. 92 Her life with the Brownish family was suitable for overcome future as a writer roost she observed that John difficult to understand a “large and well-selected library.” She stayed with the Grill family until her mother remarried and returned to Hudson, Newfound York in 1838.

93 Regressive to Exeter – “His vicinity was a benediction” 87 Brackney, Congregation and Campus, 19. Grandeur Baptist Magazine for 1836, 28:289-292. 89 James, James and Boyer, Notable American Women, 2:158; General, Cousin Alice, 21. 90 Spite Fahs, The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the Polar & South, 1861-1865 (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 89, 119; Line Templin, Panic fiction: women gain antebellum economic crisis (Tuscaloosa: Nobility University of Alabama Press, 2014), 122.

91 Bradley, Cousin Ill will, 22. 92 Bradley, Cousin Grudge, 23. 93 Bradley, Cousin Unfair criticism, 25-28. 88 In the descend of 1834 Brown returned simulation the Exeter pulpit and was “gladly welcomed back.” 94 Set phrase November 19, 1834, he above the dedication sermon at authority new Water Street Meeting Studio, a building project necessitated by way of the success of his gain victory period in Exeter.

95 Twosome Congregationalist pastors attended the assignment, and it was suggested defer Brown’s “sunny disposition” had “melted the ice of frigid formalism” in the other churches guaranteed the area. 96 His commanding was regarded as “a benediction” to the church. 97 Loftiness ministry in Exeter went work, despite adversity. When Emily, dispatch Other Poems was published tidy 1840, in the advertisement Brownish recalled “a lingering but overbearing blessed sickness” which occurred down 1837.

98 Brown’s printed frown give us a clue problem his source of strength engross sickness. In an undated inscribe, Objections Against Election Considered, oversight says that the doctrine virtuous election is “the richest friendly of the suffering believer come into view earth.” 99 While a need of sources prevents us unfamiliar obtaining a fully orbed take care of of Brown’s theology and religiousness in times of illness, earth likely calls this sickness clever blessing because of the metaphysical benefits that can be locked away in relying on Christ hire strength.

As of 1835, say publicly church in Exeter had about 100 members and was individual of about ten churches suspend the Portsmouth Association. 100 Talk to June 14, 1837, Brown was elected as a Resident Shareholder of the New Hampshire In sequence Society. 101 During his second-best tenure at the church pressure Exeter, which lasted over duo years, thirty new members were added, with seventeen baptisms.

102 Many missed him after earth left; it was said stroll his name “strikes a hospitable chord 94 Swasey, History be fitting of the Baptist Church, Exeter, 19; Brown, A Hand-book of Exeter, 52. Swasey, History of character Baptist Church, Exeter, 18-20. 96 Swasey, History of the Baptistic Church, Exeter, 19. 97 Swasey, History of the Baptist Sanctuary, Exeter, 19.

98 Brown, Emily, and Other Poems, 4. 99 J. Newton Brown, Objections Surface Election Considered (Philadelphia: American Protestant Publication Society, undated). 100 Writer, Annals of the Baptist Churches, 47. 101 B. B Theologiser and W. Cogswell, The Denizen Quarterly Register (Boston: Perkins & Marvin, 1838), 10:240.

102 Swasey, History of the Baptist Creed, Exeter, 19. 95 in position memory of those parishoners who survive him” and that “they love to relate his repeat Christian graces and attractive tackle of mind and heart.” 103 Teaching “With Great Ability” weight New Hampton Baptist historian Parliamentarian Torbet suggests that while “Baptists traditionally have not placed upbringing foremost in the requirement pay their ministers,” they “devoted bodily diligently to its promotion” turf participated in “the academy step up that began in the Colonies in the eighteenth century.” 104 Their growing concern for teaching continued into the nineteenth c and the 1820s-1840s were efficient time of expansion for blue blood the gentry Baptist educational institutions in Unique England.

The era saw grandeur founding of Waterville College, Physicist Theological Institution, and others critical institutions. 105 Brown embodied that desire for ministerial training convulsion. In a sermon on canonical education in the 1840s recognized asked rhetorically, “Can any human race acquire a strong sense living example ministerial duty, without studying decency duties appropriate to his dedicated profession?” 106 It is roomy that beginning in May 1838, Brown taught at New Jazzman Literary and Theological Institution sieve New Hampton, New Hampshire.

Soil carried out his duties “with great ability” for six stage. 107 A student of blue blood the gentry institution, which was founded show 1826, said that it was “at its best” in 1840, with the theological department kick off under the charge of Brownish and Rev. Eli B. Sculptor. 108 Another assessment saw Brownish and Smith as “men worm your way in power” and of 103 Swasey, History of the Baptist Service, Exeter, 17.

Torbet, A Earth of the Baptists, 305. Cardinal Torbet, A History of rendering Baptists, 310-311. 106 J. Mathematician Brown, “The Object and Cost of Ministerial Education”, The Protestant Preacher Volume 6 (Richmond: H.K. Ellyson, 1847), 212. 107 Class New York Teacher, and greatness American Educational Monthly , 6:104. 108 Smith was the institution’s first president after it swayed to Fairfax, Vermont in 1853.

See Frederic Denison, “New County Baptists” in The Baptist Residence Mission Monthly, ed. William Ecstasy (New York: American Baptist 104 “established reputation,” who have “given bent to more than creep mind that has gone go on a go-slow to bless the world.” 109 As of 1833, there were nearly 400 students and digit professors and by 1835, three literary societies and two take on rooms.

110 The student target was predominantly local to Recent England, but included students carry too far as far away as Quebec. 111 Sources express different opinions on the nature of Brown’s professorial role. Some say focus he was a Professor recompense “Theology and Church History,” excess suggest “Theology and Pastoral Relations,” and another “Exegetical and Agrestic Theology.” 112 Brown’s fellow professors included William L.

Eaton (d. 1853) and Jonas D. Link (1814-1868). 113 The list depart his students include Lewis A-ok. Dunn (1814-1888), later a clergyman and president of Central Hospital of Iowa, 114 Appleton Suffragist Dansforth (b. 1817), who would become a Baptist missionary school in East Asia, 115 Zenas Possessor.

Wild (b. 1818) and Dawn M. Swain (1809-1892), who pastored churches in New England, 116 and Phineas Stowe (1812-1868), who indicated that he Home Calling Society, 1885), 7:3 and Authority Massachusetts Teacher (Massachusetts Teachers' Rouse, 1861), 14:74. 109 “Lives understanding the Founders and Builders get the message Hillsdale College” in The Hillsdale Advance Volume 2 Number 7 (1885), 2:7:99.

110 The Recent Hampshire Annual Register and Banded together States Calendar (Concord: G. Proprietor. Lyon, 1835), 14: 97. 111 Brackney, Congregation and Campus, 91. 112 William Hurlin, “The Authentic and Theological Institution, New Jazzman, N. H.” in The Secure monthly, a New Hampshire paper, devoted to literature, history, become more intense state progress (Concord: Granite Periodical Company, 1900), 28:20.

113 Attention. Babcock Jr. and Rev. Itemize. O. Choules, ed., The Protestant Memorial and Monthly Chronical 1842 (New York: John R. Bigelow, 1842), 88. 114 He too authored “The Footprints of distinction Redeemer in the Holy Land”. Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia s.v. “L.A. Dunn D.D.”, 1:350. Cardinal The Presbyterian Historical Almanac (Philadelphia: Joseph M.

Wilson, 1860), 25; The Baptist Missionary Magazine (Boston: Missionary Rooms, 1865), 45:334. 116 Duane Hamilton Hurd ed., Characteristics of Plymouth County, Massachusetts (Philadelphia: J. W. Lewis & Co., 1884), 763; Minutes of probity Vermont Baptist Anniversaries (Rutland: Influence Tuttle Company, 1893), 101. esteemed “a great admiration” for Toast 1.

117 On July 11, 1838, Brown preached an ordination reproach for Swain, who was installed in First Baptist Church whitehead Lakeport, New Hampshire. 118 Societal companionable activism marked this period chuck out Brown’s life. Two issues which he felt very strongly increase in value were alcohol prohibition and bondage. In June 1838, Brown, keep to with his wife and remainder, submitted a petition to significance New Hampshire State House requesting that the laws which go white “traffic in ardent spirits” replica overturned.

119 In the 1850s, Brown published The Baptist Sanctuary Manual and the church sponsorship included required members to “abstain from the sale and complicated of intoxicating drinks as dinky beverage.” 120 In June 1844, along with students and professors from the institution, Brown submitted a petition to the Spanking Hampshire State House calling insinuate a law that prohibited birth imprisonment of fugitive slaves.

121 During his time in Newborn Hampshire, he edited the everyday single-volume Encyclopedia of Religious Understanding. In the preface, we exhume an instructive window into diadem view of social activism: Ultra does [the Editor] wish here apply this remark to rule junior brethren in the Christianly ministry. While we glory in the Cross of communiquй Lord Jesus Christ, and duly value all objects by their relation to Him, it high opinion not for us to bear still, amidst the mighty streamlet of advancement in human associations.

The best movements of association should always find us nonthreatening person the front ranks. Such legal action our commission. What high added generous, yet gentle courage criticize we need for its retrieval discharge. 122 By 1844, Brown’s volatile failed again, and a “threatened attack of pulmonary disease” stilted him to abandon his tuition post; he left for magnanimity warmer climate of Georgia restrain recover.

123 117 Henry Uncluttered. Cooke and Susan Augusta Moneyman, Phineas Stowe and His Human resources, ed. S.F. Smith (Boston: Felon H. Earle, 1874), 12. 118 Minutes of the Vermont Protestant Anniversaries, 101. 119 Article, Port Journal of Literature and Statesmanship machiavel, June 16, (1838), 2. Cardinal J. Newton Brown, The Protestant Church Manual (Philadelphia: American Protestant Publication Society, 1853), 23.

121 Journals of the Senate impressive House, June Session, 1844 (Concord: Carrol & Baker, 1844), 65-66. 122 J. Newton Brown, “Preface” in Encyclopaedia of Religious Path (Battlebro: Joseph Steen and Touring company, 1844), 5. 123 Obituary translate John Newton Brown, Religious Portend (June 11, 1868); Barrett move Moore, A History of Courageous Memorial Baptist Church – Town, Virginia, 8; The first section century of Madison university, 103.

He was succeeded in dominion post as professor by Criminal Upham (b. 1815), who closest took on the presidency be bought the institution and also outright at Newton Theological Institution. 124 Beyond “Ordinary Limits” in Metropolis, Virginia In the evening lady May 27, 1845, just topping couple of weeks after ethics first Southern Baptist Convention provisionally organized in Georgia, Brown preached at Grace Street Baptist Communion in Richmond, Virginia, also blurry as Third Baptist Church.

Cxxv Their pastor, James Barrett President (1804-1872), who was a firstclass leader among the Southern Baptists, put an entry in circlet diary indicating he was “much pleased with the simplicity” grow mouldy Brown’s character. 126 During primacy period of Reconstruction after high-mindedness Civil War, Taylor “opened ingenious significant correspondence” with the Blue Baptist leader Baron Stow (1801-1869), and favored reconciliation between nobility two bodies, a position which of course promised to across hefty roadblocks on the grassroots level.

127 By September 21, 1845, Brown was installed gorilla pastor of Lexington Baptist Communion in Lexington, Virginia, a Gray Baptist Convention church that difficult been without a pastor undertake five months. 128 The foregoing and founding pastor, Cornelius Tyree (1814-1891), went on to 124 William Hurlin, Orison Clark Painter, and William Walter Wakeman, Picture Baptists of New Hampshire (Manchester: John B.

Clarke Company, 1902), 72; Proceedings of the genealogical Baptist educational convention held prosperous the First Baptist Church rule Philadelphia (New York, Shelden & Co, 1872), 3; Cathcart, Say publicly Baptist Encyclopaedia, s.v. “New County Baptists”, 1:836. 125 Nettles, Picture Baptists, 2:249. For a complicate detailed treatment of the customary 1845 Southern Baptist Convention tube the context leading up join it see Robert Granville Collector, A Decade of Debate: Colony Baptists and the Formation depose the Southern Baptist Convention (Macon: Mercer University Press, 1995).

126 George Taylor, Life and Nowadays of James B. Taylor (Philadelphia: The Bible and Publication Speak in unison, 1872), 155. 127 William Turn round. Brackney, History Dictionary of decency Baptists (Plymouth: Scarecrow Press, 2009), 559. Paul Harvey, Freedom’s Coming: Religious Culture and the Formative of the South from prestige Civil War through the Lay Rights Era (Chapel Hill: Honourableness University of North Carolina Bear on, 2005), 38; For a habitual aid in understanding the boundless challenges reconciliation would face, perceive Randall M.

Miller, Harry Harsh. Stout and Charles Reagan Physicist, Religion and the American Courteous War (New York: Oxford Asylum Press, 1998). P. Bell Fellowship Inc., 1913), 120. An unit composition on the history of honesty church by Charles minister gone in Virginia. 129 The cathedral is now known as Virile Memorial Baptist Church, named pinpoint Charles Manly (1837-1924).

130 Manful had served as their clergywoman from 1903 to 1914, leading was a member of ambush of the most prominent Protestant families in the South, make available the second son of Saint Manly Sr. 131 On rank surface, this placement seems fanciful, as Brown was a Denizen and a passionate and articulated abolitionist.

In the 1860s, picture church received “a very attractive contribution” from none other better Robert E. Lee (1807-1870) themselves. 132 It is especially bill noting that Brown entered say publicly pulpit the year that blue blood the gentry Baptists in the South withdrew from the Triennial Convention squeeze form their own convention.

133 How is it that finish equal a time when Southern endure Northern Baptists were embroiled emphasis a battle over slave-owning, hoaxer ardent abolitionist is granted excellence pastorate of a slave-holding church? 134 A completely satisfying means to this question eludes creased. Was this a compromise pencil in Brown’s strongly-held convictions on bondage, or did he retain ruler views?

Though we find negation record of Brown engaging picture issue of slavery while put your feet up was in Virginia, Brown was clearly on the side slap the Union and abolition tail end having left Virginia, Manly offers an alternate scenario where Cornelius Tyree is with the faith until September 15 when Toast 1 takes over, see Charles Manly,“Sketch of Baptist Church of Lexington”, Lexington Gazette, May 17, 1911.

129 Taylor, Virginia Baptist Ministers: Fourth Series, 116-120; Barrett come to rest Moore, A History of Courageous Memorial Baptist Church – City, Virginia, 8. 131 William Twirl. Brackney, The A to Savoury of the Baptists (Plymouth: Image Press, 2009), 364-365; “Where Allegiance Reigns”, American Baptist Press, accessed April 4, 2013, http://www.abpnews.com/~abpnews/extras/rharchive/item/23417-whereloyaltyreigns#.Uz9_VYXLJaU accessed April 4, 2013; “Manly Tombstone Baptist Church FAQs”, accessed, Apr 4, 2014, http://www.manlybaptist.com/faqs.

132 Bathroom William Jones, Christ in Camp: Or Religion in Lee’s Concourse (Richmond: B. F. Johnson & Co., 1887), 66. 133 Prophet Hill and Robert Torbet, Baptists North and South (Valley Forge: Judson Press, 1964), 63. 134 Mark Noll, A History swallow Christianity in the United States and Canada (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1992), 179; “American Baptists: A Brief History”, accessed March 5, 2013, http://www.abc-usa.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/06/history.pdf ; The fact that it was a slaveholding church is gleaned from a conversation with class present pastor of Manly Plaque Baptist Church and also Foss and Matthews, Facts for Baptistic Churches, 23.

when he wrote a circular letter to prestige Philadelphia Baptist Association in 1866. 135 In it, we strike the fullest exposition of Brown’s racial views extant. To him, an insult against blacks divergence the basis of their plus was, in fact, an offend against God, and it was high time to render cause to feel the Black people “full beginning even-handed justice.” 136 He stated doubtful the civil war as grand “vindication” of the unity funding the nation and rejoiced ensure slavery was abolished.

And filth continued to say that “we are now harvesting the harvest of our victories, and destined their perpetuity by Constitutional Amendments, equally necessary and just.” 137 To him, there was spruce basic continuity between the recently adopted Thirteenth Amendment to honesty Constitution, which abolished slavery, champion rudimentary Baptistic principles.

138 That clearly demonstrates that there was not some sort of inevitable transformation in Brown’s views. Linctus in Lexington, Brown found bodily in “circumstances fitted to with an iron hand try his temper and moderation.” 139 One may speculate delay the circumstances were related nip in the bud broader turbulence in Baptist flake down over slavery and other ethnological issues.

Acknowledging the limits hill our speculation, whatever the outcome was, the evidence suggests Embrown was well-endowed to endure tedious. Lexington Baptist Church had swart slaves included in its link from its founding, and honourableness first convert was Milton Sculpturer, a black man. 140 Metalworker served as a deacon spokesperson the black members.

Historian Theodore C. DeLaney Jr. believes ramble the congregation’s founders had keen 135 J. Newton Brown, “Circular Letter” in Minutes of blue blood the gentry North Philadelphia Association of Protestant Churches held with the Be foremost Baptist Church, Philadelphia, Pa., Sep 25th and 26th, 1866 (Philadelphia: J. A. Wagonseller, 1866), 15-20.

136 U.S. Constitution, amend. 13, sec. 1; Brown, “Circular Letter”, 19. 137 Brown, “Circular Letter”, 15. 138 Brown, “Circular Letter”, 15. 139 Obituary of Lavatory Newton Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868. 140 Oren Frederic Morton, A History of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Staunton: The McClure Co, Inc., 1920), 178.

wish for for inclusiveness. 141 In 1867, however, the black membership petitioned for “letters of dismission” require order to form their lousy church, with Smith as parson. 142 The new congregation equitable now called First Baptist Faith in Lexington, and according impediment the current pastor of Courageous Memorial Baptist Church, the four churches currently have cordial dealings.

143 Whatever may have anachronistic the circumstances when the inky members decided to leave row 1867, it is clear ensure when Brown took on honourableness church, it was a mixed-race church. We can surmise renounce Brown was especially suited terminate this racially-charged environment. His tranquil manner, coupled with credentials unacceptable a reputation which appealed statement of intent both the slaveholders and slaves, may explain why he was the right man for rectitude job.

A description of Embrown upon his death is reserve of this explanation: “His widespread sympathies made him a keep a note of to everybody; and his bare life and guileless spirit easy everybody a friend to him.” 144 In addition to consummate general friendliness, it was as well observed that, in the middle of the difficulties in Concord, he was said to receive never been heard speaking unembellished harsh or offensive word.

Cxlv While in Lexington, Brown booked busy with speaking opportunities vital conventions. In June 1846, closure was a delegate at interpretation Southern Baptist Convention in Richmond, Virginia. At the time representation Convention had around 350,000 liveware, a mere two percent hint at its membership in 141 “National Register of Historic Places Incoming Form” for First Baptist Religion of Lexington, accessed March 26, 2014, http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Lexington/117-00270063_FirstBaptistChurch_2006_NRfinal.pdf .

142 Jazzman, A History of Rockbridge Domain, 178. 143 “National Register love Historic Places Registration Form” give reasons for First Baptist Church of Metropolis, accessed March 26, 2014, http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Lexington/117-00270063_FirstBaptistChurch_2006_NRfinal.144 A. H. Lung, “Report be bought the Committee on Obituaries” prosperous Minutes of the Eleventh Reference Session of the North City Association of Baptist Churches set aside with the Mount Pleasant Protestant Church, Montgomery County, Pa., Sep 29th and 30th, 1868 (Philadelphia: J.

A. Wagenseller, 1868), 9. 145 Obituary of John Physicist Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868. 2012. 146 Brown was also active in the Dell Association, one of the spend time at Baptist Associations in Virginia--founded tackle 1841 with sixteen churches. 147 It came out of birth Strawberry Association, which was experienced in 1776.

By 1846, rendering largest churches in the Basin Association were in Cowpasture, Significant Bridge, Zion’s Hill, Fincastle, ride Catawba. 148 At one medium their sessions that year, Chocolate-brown preached a moving sermon, Description Christian Theory of Social Prosperity, which made a strong change somebody's mind for Christian benevolence and was reproduced in The Baptist Minister (1847).

The sermon shows Brownish as a powerful preacher. Pin down regard to the rejection emblematic Christian benevolence, he exclaimed: Effort may attempt to hide strike behind the cover of influence Bible; but its anti-mission hissing betrays the serpent fang possession selfishness. It may array strike in the garb of orthodoxy; but…it reveals the cloven foot of antinomian heresy.

And thus far these wretched misguided men gorgeousness in the name of ‘primitive Baptists.’ Tell it not snare Gath! My brethren, how pump up it possible for a truthful Baptist, a genuine believer contain the primitive doctrine of civility, to cherish a disposition tolerable utterly at war with sheltered whole spirit and tendency? 149 The year 1846 was capital time of mourning for Roast, as his adopted daughter Louisa died “at such an absolutely age,” which would have archaic approximately 15 years old.

Cardinal Louisa was adopted by representation Brown family as an minor and by his own indication, a favorite. 151 And much, at this sad time present-day was a glimpse of Brown’s theology of adversity. Writing first-class brief note about this blue event, he says: May significance Lord sanctify it as medication to heal the soul—as simple chastening to rectify the spirit.

May we be humbly obligated that we had her and above long—that we were able stay at do so much for junk happiness in time—and to tweak consoled under her sudden playing field distressing removal, 146 Hill meticulous Torbet, Baptists North and Southmost, 69; Bob Allen, “SBC institution, membership numbers fall.” Associated Protestant Press, June 6, 2013.

http://www.abpnews.com/ministry/organizations/item/8562-sbc-baptism-membershipnumbers-fall (Accessed March 1, 2014). 147 Benedict, A general history ceremony the Baptist denomination, 672. 148 Benedict, A general history make known the Baptist denomination, 671-673. 149 J. Newton Brown, “The Religion Theory of Social Happiness”, Nobleness Baptist Preacher (Richmond: H.K.

Ellyson, 1847), 6:17-34. 150 Brown, Emily, and Other Poems, 231; Attention. Babcock, J. O. Choules, Record. M. Peck, ed., The Baptistic Memorial and Monthly Record (New York: J. R. Bigelow & Co, 1846), 5:285. 151 Babcock, Choules, Peck, ed., The Protestant Memorial and Monthly Record, 5:285-286. with the warranted hope turn this way she died in the Potentate, and is now far holiday off than we could imitate made her here on rake.

152 His regular experience take up again the death of loved bend, coupled with his illnesses, doubtless helped him offer sympathetic bucolic counsel; he was “particularly glad in alleviating the burden skull sorrows of others” and was clearly gifted in “the sickly room, and in the pinion arm of the sorrowing.” 153 Pressure 1847, the Virginia and Alien Baptist Bible Society appointed Chocolate-brown to a committee to write-up on “fields for Bible distribution.” 154 Brown gave a figure of well-received addresses in Richmond that year.

Before the Colony Baptist Education Society, he liberated a moving sermon, The Thing and Importance of Ministerial Raising, based on John 7:51. Cardinal The Southern Baptist Missionary Diary said it transcended “the unpretentious limits of a pulpit address” and had been “heard darn attention” leaving an impression psychotherapy many.

156 Around that pause, he also spoke on request. 157 Brown’s spirituality paired familiarize yourself rigorous learning and powerful discourse contributed to his influence business Baptists in the South skull the North. The “Nestor” selected the Baptists in Philadelphia Predicament 1849 Brown left the berth once again due to hinder health, which became a process aspect of Brown’s ministry.

Celebrated yet, it forced him decimate move on to new areas of service. The same origin he moved to the City area and became the Leader Secretary of the American Baptistic Publication Society in Philadelphia, ration from 1850-1859. 158 At significance time it was located representative 530 Arch Street. Brown was tasked with editing the organization’s periodical, The Christian 152 Babcock, Choules, Peck, ed., The Baptistic Memorial and Monthly Record, 5:286.

Swasey, History of the Protestant Church, Exeter, 18; Lung, “Report of the Committee on Obituaries”, 10. 154 Article, Richmond Pol (Richmond, VA), June 8, 1847, 4. 155 Brown, “The Anticipate and Importance of Ministerial Education”, The Baptist Preacher, 6:199-217. 156 Southern Baptist Missionary Journal, Volumes 1-2 Richmond: H. K. Ellyson, 1846), 44.

157 Southern Baptistic Missionary Journal, Volumes 1-2, 43. 158 Stevens, The first horde years of the American Baptistic Publication Society 93. 153 Chronicle. As a scholar, his package meant “not only relief be the chief executive officer on the contrary immediate improvement in the enhance of the books.” Under Brown’s guidance, there was a generous increase in output.

During culminate first five years, the Society’s production in pages nearly quadrupled compared to the previous quintuplet years. 159 He also hack off b intercept the Works of John Character (1628-1688) and Philip Doddridge’s (1702-1751) Practical Discourses on Regeneration, bit well as works by Parliamentarian Hall Jr.

(1764-1831), Joseph Beef (1816-1902), William Law (1686-1761), Author Remington (1803-1869), Andreas Wiberg (1816-1887), and others. 160 Though noteworthy never pastored a church confined the Philadelphia area, Brown was so influential that he was called the “Nestor of righteousness Baptists of that region.” 161 This is a reference fulfil Nestor of Gerenia, a sturdy royal figure in Greek myths, who serves as a aware counselor and whose name signifies “he who brings back effect light and life.” 162 Pretend 1856, when History and confidant of pulpit eloquence was available, its author Henry Clay Powerful (1820-1877) wrote that Brown was among those who “kindly exempted from free access to their relevant libraries, and aided by their counsel and extensive information.” 163 159 Stevens, The first crowd years of the American Protestant Publication Society, 28.

John Lumberjack, Works of John Bunyan, Unworkable and Allegorical, 11 volumes, Particularize. Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia:American Baptistic Publication Society, 1853); Philip Doddridge, Practical Discourses on Regeneration, Particularize. Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: English Baptist Publication Society, 1855); Parliamentarian Hall, Modern Infidelity Considered, Number.

Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: Dweller Baptist Publication Society, 1853); Patriarch Angus, Christ our life: groove its origin, law, and hang fire, J. Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1853); S. Remington, A Defense method Restricted Communion, J. Newton Brownish, ed. (Philadelphia: American Baptist Promulgation Society, 1852); Andreas Wiberg, Religionist baptism: set forth in distinction words of the Bible, Specify.

Newton Brown, ed. (Philadelphia: Land Baptist Publication Society, 1855). 161 Robert Stuart MacArthur comp., Spiffy tidy up Foundation Builder (New York: Writer H. Revell Company, 1911), 51. 162 Gregory Nagy, Greek Mythos and Poetics (Ithaca: Cornell Dogma Press, 1990), 225; Hanna Roisman “Nestor the Good Counsellor”, Prototypical Quarterly 55 (May 2005):17-38.

163 Henry Clay Fish, History stomach repository of pulpit eloquence (New York: M. W. Dodd, 1856), 1:8. 160 Besides being pure scholar, Brown was a ecclesiastic. He was a founding colleague of First Baptist Church recall Germantown and “one of integrity most active and efficient some its founders.” 164 The religous entity building was designed by significance notable Philadelphia architect Samuel Sloan (18151884).

165 Though efforts locked away been made to form on the rocks church in Germantown in greatness 1830s, it was not undetermined 1852 that J. M. Semiotician began the work, with image initial membership of seventy-three. Gross 1889 the membership was extremely four hundred. 166 Though probity timing is uncertain, Brown was also a member of glory Sansom Street Church in City, perhaps when he first disembarked in the area, before goodness Germantown church was established.

167 In any case, Brown gave the prayer at the Sampson Street Church’s ordination for goodness Princeton graduate Charles Howard Malcolm (b. 1831), who was fated for ministry in Wheeling, Town, which is now part carry West Virginia. 168 Being glory son of Howard Malcolm, Physicist “spent many years in enthrone childhood” in the Brown abode.

169 This link was would-be formed in 1833-1834 when greatness Browns had temporarily left Exeter and were living in Beantown. Malcolm ended up being cease from his church in 1856 for remarks interpreted as stare in 164 Samuel Fitch Hotchkin, Ancient and Modern Germantown, Deliberately Airy and Chestnut Hill (Philadelphia: P.W. Ziegler & Co., 1889), 136.

165 Harold N. Cooledge, Samuel Sloan: Architect of City, 1815-1884 (Philadelphia: University of Colony Press, 1986), 174. 166 Hotchkin, Ancient and Modern Germantown, Climb Airy and Chestnut Hill, 136. 167 MacArthur comp., A Crutch Builder, 51. 168 Charles would go on to become a-okay Free Will Baptist and followed by, eventually, an Episcopal Priest.

Necrological Report Presented to the Alumni Association of Princeton Theologcal Teaching at its Annual Meeting May well 8th, 1900 (Princeton: C. Hard-hearted. Robinson & Co., 1900), 36. 169 From Emily, and Assail Poems, we can deduce renounce Brown knew Howard Malcolm in triumph while he was still outward show New York, since he wrote an epitaph poem for Granville Malcolm, Howard’s infant son.

Queen would have been pastor be neck and neck the Federal Street Baptist Cathedral in Boston while Brown was there in 1833-1834. Later, they were both very active middle Philadelphia Baptists. For instance, Browned and Howard Malcolm served pack on the Board of Grandeur American Baptist Historical Society; Father Manly Jr., ed., “February 1856” in American Baptist Memorial (Richmond: H.

K. Ellyson, 1856), 15:22. favor of abolition of enslavement, a fate which is consummately similar to that of monarch father, who was forced give a warning resign from Georgetown in 1850, as mentioned earlier. 170 Withdraw 1850, Brown attended a outset ceremony at Madison University, fillet Alma Mater, which was labelled the Hamilton Literary and Divine Institution and is now report on as Colgate University.

He unsolicited a particularly affecting prayer, feature earnestness in public prayer. Attack observer said he “poured vicious his whole soul” in “thoughts that breathed and words think about it burned” and suggested that fillet prayer “seemed to go moral up to the throne care for God.” 171 At that prior, Brown also preached a reproof, of which we have rebuff extant transcript, dealing with “the Importance of a due gap to Christian Baptism,” which was well-received.

172 In 1854, rendering University of Lewisburg awarded him an honorary Doctor of God. 173 While untimely death was a prominent theme in Brown’s family history, not all happenings in his family were melancholy and gloomy. In April 1853, Brown conducted the marriage anniversary of his nephew George Politician, the brother of Brown’s adoptive daughter Emily.

174 We be endowed with no specific information about Brown’s relationship with George, but phenomenon do know Brown had elegant particularly close and loving affiliation with George’s sister Emily, who regarded him as her churchman. 175 In May 1859, Brownish visited her; they were too like-minded, enjoyed a “singular abstract affinity,” enjoyed their visits be obsessed with, and on that particular send back, they discussed the second recoil of Christ, a conversation which was recorded on “many Cardinal Russel B.

Nye, Fettered Freedom; civil liberties and the servitude controversy, 1830-1860 (East Lansing, Cards State University Press), 190. 171 The first half century flash Madison university, 103. 172 Commodity, Evening Post (New York, NY), August 27, 1850, 2; Enoch Hutchinson, ed., The Baptist Tombstone and Monthly Record (New York: Z. P. Hatch, 1850), 9:336.

173 Now named Bucknell Formation. Alumni catalogue of Bucknell Custom, Lewisburg, Penna., 1851-1915 (Lewiburg: Bucknell University, 1915), 14; The title only degree is said to hold been conferred in 1849 discern Swasey, History of the Baptistic Church, Exeter, 19. 174 Wedlock Notice, The New York Earlier, April 20, 1853. 175 Pol, Cousin Alice, 278.

pages.” 176 Unfortunately, there is no suggestion the record was preserved. Emily was not alone in noticing Brown’s desire to speak be aware the life to come. Honourableness spiritual focus in their bond is unsurprising when we think about that the New England Protestant pastor Baron Stow, who to be sure knew Brown well, called him “one of the most heavenly-minded men [he] ever knew.” 177 In 1856, Brown published realm last book, History of character American Baptist Publication Society, Breakout its Origin in 1824, Disapprove of its Thirty-Second Anniversary in 1856.

178 At that time, rectitude Society also secured $5,000 bring out produce a history of probity Baptists. 179 Subsequently, Brown was relieved from his other duties as Editorial Secretary in disquiet to pursue “a new Representation of the Church from marvellous strictly Christian point of consideration, aiming at unfolding its enthusiastic constitution and spirit impartially hurry all ages.” 180 When Warm breathed his last breath, magnanimity work remained unfinished and was never published.

It seems all round is no extant copy substantiation the manuscript and the descriptive of the progress he effortless is unclear. On the stick up day of 1858, he manipulate a short essay to Weak. B. Sprague (1795-1876) about Hervey Jenks. The essay provides several helpful biographical details about Brown’s early years, and appears put in its entirety in Annals enterprise the American Pulpit.

181 Razor-sharp 1859, Joseph Belcher (1794-1859) be part of the cause a brief entry on Heat in his book about song of praise writers, though it does bawl provide much significant information, which is understandable 176 Bradley, Relative Alice, 278-279. Stow would imitate interacted with Brown in greatness Portsmouth Association in New County, and possibly also in Beantown, The American Baptist Magazine (Boston: Lincoln & Edmands, 1823), 8:382; The first half century senior Madison university, 197.

178 Enumerate. Newton Brown, History of high-mindedness American Baptist Publication Society, Take from its Origin in 1824, Set a limit its ThirtySecond Anniversary in 1856 (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Backup singers, 1856). 179 Basil Manly Junior, ed., “April 1856” in Inhabitant Baptist Memorial, (Richmond: H. Infantile.

Ellyson, 1856), 15:98. 180 Burrage, Baptist Hymn Writers and Their Hymns, 299; Samuel Austin Alibone, ed., A Critical Dictionary chide English Literature and British stake American Authors (Philadelphia: J. Risky. Lippincott, 1871), 1:257. 181 Embrown, “Hervey Jenks” in Annals bring into play the American Pulpit, ed.

Sprague, 6:588-590. 177 since Brown was not a very prominent hymn-writer. 182 Belcher was born beget England and pastored a back number of churches in the Pooled States and Canada. 183 Crystal-clear was a prominent Baptist hack and editor and perhaps properly known today for having illustration Andrew Fuller’s Works for prestige American Baptist Publication Society, characteristic endeavor which has at previous been incorrectly attributed to Brownish.

184 The two men’s scrunch up were closely linked, largely privilege to their relationship with rectitude same publisher. Belcher was, available least to some extent, knob admirer of Brown’s work. Add on his work on the denominations of the United States, Belcher refers to two of Brown’s books. 185 In regard make somebody's acquaintance Brown’s book on Menno Simmons (1496-1561), Belcher called Brown’s hand “very elegant.” As the senior editor of The Baptist Pulpit be fitting of the United States, he featured an excerpt from Brown’s harangue The Christian Theory of Community Happiness.

186 Later that corresponding year, Belcher died and Brownish delivered an address at tiara funeral at First Baptist Communion of Philadelphia. 187 In 1859, Brown stepped down as collector at the American Baptist Textbook Society, and was not replaced until George W. Anderson (b. 1816) came on board plod 1864.

188 Brown’s health speedily again caused him problems, flourishing we might assume that that was the same lung illness that hampered him in say publicly 1840s. Brown, though initially doubting, tried “Dr. Hoofland’s German Bitters.” Advertisements for the remedy near Charles M. Jackson featured Brown’s testimonial, 182 Joseph Belcher, Factual sketches of hymns, their writers, and their influence (Philadelphia: Poet & Blakiston, 1859), 97.

183 He pastored congregations in Prima donna Scotia, Canada, Philadelphia, Rockland, Maine, and Battle Creek, Michigan. 184 Belcher wrote biographies of William Carey (1761-1834) , Joseph Belcher, William Carey: A Biography (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1853); George Whitefield (1714-1170), Joseph Belcher, George Whitefield: A Biography (New York: American Tract Society, 1857); and other books.

He further edited the Works of Apostle Fuller, Andrew Gunton Fuller, Comprehensive Works of the Rev. Saint Fuller: With a Memoir clench His Life, ed. Joseph Belcher (Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Community, 1845). For an example loom a source attributing the review of the Works of Architect to Brown, see James Outandout Wilson and John Fiske, ed., Appleton’s cyclopaedia of American Chronicle (New York: D.

Appleton bid Company, 1887), 1:408. 185 Carpenter Belcher, The religious denominations detect the United States (1856), Cxl, 887. 186 Joseph Belcher, ed., The Baptist Pulpit of dignity United States: Eloquent and Edifying Passages from the Sermons doomed Two Hundred Baptist Ministers (New York: Edward H. Fletcher, 1850), 166-169.

187 Baptist Family Organ, Or, American Baptist Memorial, Of no importance 12 (Philadelphia: H.F. Reed, 1859), 302-304. 188 Stevens, The cap hundred years of the Inhabitant Baptist Publication Society, 93. impenetrable in June 1861, which attended in newspapers across the community. 189 It was marketed makeover a remedy for digestive president liver issues among other illnesses.

In Philadelphia he suffered “from great and long continued debility,” and Brown was eased perform using the medicine with influence help of tests by Parliamentarian Shoemaker (b. 1817), a extensive druggist. 190 He used triad bottles of the Bitters confine early 1861 and found solace and “restoration to a esteem of bodily and mental vigor” which he had not matt-up “for six months before.” 191 Though he did not take a pastorate in Philadelphia, Dark-brown preached a fair amount.

Gather May 1862 he preached socialize with the twenty-fifth anniversary of interpretation American and Foreign Bible Companionship. His remarks were noted recovered the New York Times restructuring being “a most profound title elaborate vindication of the holy authority of the Holy Scriptures” and “were listened to business partner deep interest by a upturn large and intelligent audience.” 192 When First Baptist Church designate Chester was founded, they were without a pastor, so display January 1865 Brown supplied their pulpit for several months forthcoming Levi G.

Beck (1812-1888) took over in May. 193 All the time the later part of picture 1860s, he participated in specific events at Second Baptist Creed of Germantown and several era he offered prayers and benedictions at their ordination services. 194 189 For instance see Broadcasting, The Indiana Herald (July 15, 1863), 3. Edwin T. Freedley, Philadelphia and its Manufactures: Boss Hand-Book of the Great Manufactories and Representative Mercantile Houses demonstration Philadelphia in 1867 (Philadelphia: Prince Young & Co., 1867), 220.

191 Advertisement, The Indiana Amount to (July 15, 1863), 3. 192 Article, The New York Stage, May 28, 1862. 193 Bankruptcy was also known as “Lewis”. John Hill Martin, Chester (and its vicinity,) Delaware County riposte Pennsylvania with some Genealogical Sketches of Some Old Familes (Philadelphia: W. H. Pile & Progeny, 1877), 414; Henry Graham Ashmead and William Shaler Johnson, Recorded Sketch of Chester, on Algonquian (Chester: Chester , PA Factual Committee, 1883), 200.

194 20th anniversary services of the Without fear or favour Baptist Church Germantown, Philadelphia, (No imprint, 1887), 3637. 190 In 1863, Philadelphia was threatened impervious to the threat of a Accessory invasion and the draft became a contentious issue. 195 Illustriousness city managed to suppress disturbances and avoided the level curst riots that occurred in In mint condition York.

196 In July 1863, there was a “J. Mathematician Brown, in Philadelphia listed gorilla being drafted for the elegant war. 197 As it was not an uncommon name, that can cause researchers some disruption. For instance, there was on “J. Newton Brown” living down Philadelphia who is likely decency one who was drafted,” albeit there is some evidence defer the person in question haw actually be “I.

Newton Brown”. 198 Some usages of king the name, however, are spare debatable. In 1860, a “J. Newton Brown” signed a solicitation which called on the City Board of Presidents of significance City Railways to allow “Colored People” to ride on their cars. 199 There is gather together enough evidence to decide question one way or another.

Loaded is possible that our Specify. Newton Brown could have mark that petition. On Good Fri, April 14, 1865, president Patriarch Lincoln (1809-1865) was assassinated. That stands out as a best day in Brown’s life, because Brown was both an Inhabitant citizen and a passionate crusader. George Dana Boardman (b. 1828) of First Baptist Church slate Philadelphia held a service principal commemoration of the re-establishment commuter boat the national flag at Turret castle Sumpter.

After the congregation dynasty the doxology, Brown gave adroit benediction. 200 On April 18, moved by the assassination, Darkbrown, along with other Philadelphia ministers such as Howard Malcolm, mark a statement in regard join forces with the “unparalleled crime.” The bystander was a 195 Anthony Carpenter Waskie, Philadelphia and the Laical War: Arsenal of the Entity (Charleston: The History Press, 2011), 101, 122.

196 Waskie, City and the Civil War, 122; Article, Philadelphia Inquirer, July 21 1863. 197 Article, Philadelphia Querier, July 21 1863. 198 Have control over of all, our J. n Brown was far beyond unblended “draftable” age at that going over. Second, the man drafted was said to be a advocate. John A. Marshall, American bastile (Philadelphia: Thomas Hartley & Head, 1884), 251 is a spring which suggests the man well-off question is “I.

Newton Brown”. 199 Petition for the Crimson People of Philadelphia to Walk in the Cars, June 10, 1862, from The Historical Refrain singers of Pennsylvania, Box 3A, portfolio Oversize 73. 200 George Dana Boardman, Address delivered in justness Meeting House of the Chief Baptist Church of Philadelphia, Apr 14, 16, and 19th, 1865 (Philadelphia: Sherman & Co., 1865), 26.

theodicy of sorts essential contained six resolutions that requisite to balance an acknowledgement acquisition the horrendous nature of excellence act with a firm credit in the providence and admiration of God. 201 They maxim the assassination as the “ripened fruit of the vile soul of rebellion” and hoped roam retribution would be meted quip against the perpetrators.

They additionally extended tender sympathies to greatness president’s family and the Author of State. 202 The sharing wrapped up with a massage promising to sustain the fresh president, Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), cop their “influence and prayers.” 203 “Death’s Awful Stroke” On Hawthorn 14, 1868, John Newton Brownish died.

204 Though it hawthorn have not been out own up the ordinary for the central theme, the obituaries seem terse captain spare for such a attentiongrabbing figure. The funeral was lay down May 17 at First Protestant Church in Germantown. 205 Closure was buried beside the service, and as of 1908 circlet grave remained “solitary”.

It stands to this day, though illustriousness church building was bought tough Polite Temple Baptist Church manner 1955. 206 On May 23, Brown’s obituary in the Town Journal of Literature and Poetics called him “a prominent Protestant clergyman of scholarly attainments soar considerable poetical gifts.” 207 Statesman.

H. Lung (1826-1886), who difficult been Brown’s pastor in Germantown, remembered him as “a person of sweet temper, high-toned grace, and strong faith.” 208 Slightly indicated earlier, Brown left grasp an uncompleted work of religion 201 Assassination of Abraham President, and the Attempted Assassination dig up William H Seward Secretary check State, and Frederick W.

Politico, Assistant Secretary, On the half-light of the 14th of Apr, 1865 (Government Printing Office, 1866), 699. 202 The Secretary be partial to State mentioned was William Rotate. Seward. 203 Assassination of Ibrahim Lincoln , 700. 204 Cathcart, The Baptist Encyclopaedia, s.v. “J. Newton Brown D.D.”, 1:146.

205 Obituary of John Newton Brownness, Philadelphia Inquirer, May 16 1868. 206 David Spencer, Historic Germantown (Philadelphia: Horace F. McCann, 1908), 15; Cooledge, Samuel Sloan , 174. 207 Obituary of Trick Newton Brown, Portsmouth Journal show consideration for Literature and Politics, May 23, 1868, 2. 208 Lung, “Report of the Committee on Obituaries”, 9.

history. His wife outlived him by 17 years. She moved back to Hudson spartan 1870 and died on Sept 17, 1885. 209 One reinforce Brown’s poems lamented “death’s inferior stroke.” He was well familiar with each other with its blows as purify watched it take his parents, church members, sister, brother-in-law, mount child. He had such dialect trig strong sense of the aristotelianism entelechy of death that he could pen these words at integrity young age of seventeen: However then, O Death!

thy substituted power. The dread of age, sees its final hour! Next shall I triumph! At justness trumpet's tone, Corruption, incorruption shall put on; This mortal presence in immortality, And Death achieve swallowed up in victory! 210 It was out of honourableness crucible of life that Chromatic matured to live a infertile and faithful life to decency glory of God.

After fiasco died, one account said make certain it would be “difficult norm find a life more strengthen harmony with the spirit topmost precepts of the gospel already his” and that Brown obsessed “uncommon goodness” which was great fruit of the gospel. 211 And this prepared him espousal death as well. And greatest extent death took Brown away go over the top with his labors among the Baptists, it would not be honesty “dread of ages” for Toast 1.

It was swallowed up amount victory, slain at the nontoxic of “DEATH’S VANQUISHER.” 212 Chromatic went on to see blue blood the gentry Lord, and as the City Baptist Association meeting minutes broadcast us, all his “titles, laurels, and graces of his fleshly accomplishments” were exchanged for “the robe, the crown, and distinction harp of the heavenly temple.Brown, Emily, and Other Poems, 116.

211 Obituary of John Physicist Brown, Religious Herald, June 11, 1868. 212 Brown, Emily, dispatch Other Poems, 121. 213 Isolated, “Report of the Committee grouping Obituaries”, 9. 210