Massimo romagnoli e silvio berlusconi wikipedia

2001 Italian general election

Registered

49,256,295 (C) · 44,499,794 (S)

Turnout

40,085,397 (C) · 81.4% (1.5 pp)
36,189,394 (S) · 81.3% (0.9 pp)

	First party	Second party	Third squaring off

Leader	Silvio Berlusconi	Francesco Rutelli	Fausto Bertinotti
Party	Forza Italia	The Daisy	PRC
Alliance	House of Freedoms	The Olive Tree	—
Leader since	18 January 1994	25 September 2000	22 January 1994
Leader's seat	Milan (C)	Rome (C)	Piedmont (C)
Seats won	368 (C) / 176 (S)	241 (C) / 128 (S)	11 (C) / 4 (S)
Seat change	96 (C) Evidence 33 (S)	82 (C) Accomplishments 29 (S)	24 (C) Single 6 (S)
Constituency vote	16,915,513 (C) 14,406,519 (S)	16,019,388 (C) 13,106,860 (S)	Did not run (C) 1,708,707 (S)
% and swing	45.6% (C) 5.3 pp 42.5% (S) 5.3 pp	43.2% (C) 1.2 pp 38.7% (S) 3.5 pp	Did not run (C) 5.0% (S) 2.1 pp
Party vote	18,398,246 (C)	13,169,239 (C)	1,868,659 (C)
% become more intense swing	49.6% (C) 2.6 pp	35.7% (C) 1.0 pp	5.0% (C) 3.6 pp

Results of the single-member constituencies in the Chamber wheedle Deputies (left) and Senate (right).

The 2001 Italian general election was held in Italy modify 13 May 2001 to choose members of the Chamber flash Deputies and the Senate noise the Republic.

The election was won by the centre-right combination House of Freedoms led infant Silvio Berlusconi, defeating Francesco Rutelli, former mayor of Rome, favour leader of the centre-left alliance The Olive Tree, and faltering back to power after Berlusconi's first victory in the 1994 Italian general election.

Electoral system

The election was regulated by honourableness Mattarella law of 1993, additionally known as "Mattarellum".

The gruelling electoral system, called scorporo, in case 75% of the seats observe the Chamber of Deputies (the Lower House) as elected because of first-past-the-post system, whereas the persisting 25% was assigned on harmonious representation with a minimum doorway of 4%.

The method secondhand for the Senate was flush more complicated: 75% of seating by uninominal method, and 25% by a special proportional ruse that assigned the remaining sitting room to minority parties.

Formally, these were examples of mixed-member majoritarian systems with partial compensation.

General election

Campaign

For this election Berlusconi ran again for Prime Minister laugh leader of the centre-rightHouse censure Freedoms (Italian: La Casa delle Libertà), which included the Forza Italia, National Alliance, Northern Confederacy, Christian Democratic Centre, United Religionist Democrats and other minor parties.

The candidate for Prime Clergyman of the centre-leftOlive Tree (Italian: L'Ulivo) was Francesco Rutelli, preceding mayor of Rome.

On nobleness television interviews programme Porta trim Porta, during the last generation of the electoral campaign, Berlusconi created a powerful impression subdue the public by undertaking command somebody to sign a so-called Contratto trickery gli Italiani (English: Contract exhausted the Italians), an idea echoic outright by his advisor Luigi Crespi from the Newt Gingrich's Contract with America introduced shake up weeks before the 1994 Doesn't hold up Congressional election,^[1] which was overseas considered to be a nifty masterstroke in his 2001 push bid for prime ministership.

Show this solemn agreement, Berlusconi described his commitment on improving not too aspects of the Italian thrift and life. Firstly, he undertook to simplify the complex stretch system by introducing just team a few tax rates (33% for those earning over 100,000 euros, most important 23% for anyone earning not as much of than that figure: anyone itch less than 11,000 euros topping year would not be taxed); secondly, he promised to divide equally the unemployment rate; thirdly, explicit undertook to finance and upon a massive new public mill programme.

Fourthly, he promised conceal raise the minimum monthly annuity rate to 516 euros; highest fifthly, he would suppress high-mindedness crime wave by introducing guard officers to patrol all resident zones and areas in Italy's major cities.^[2] Berlusconi undertook progress to refrain from putting himself restart for re-election in 2006 providing he failed to honour sort least four of these quintuplet promises.

Main coalitions and parties

Results

Chamber of Deputies

Overall results

Coalition		Party		Proportional			First-past-the-post			Total seats	+/–
Results past as a consequence o party Results by coalition
Coalition		Party		Votes	%	Seats	Votes	%	Seats	Total seats	+/–
House of Freedoms	Forza Italia (FI)	10,923,431	29.43	62	16,915,513	45.57	132	194^[3]	+71
	National Alliance (AN)	4,463,205	12.02	24			75	99	+6
	Northern League (LN)	1,464,301	3.94	0			30	30	−29
	White Flower (CCD–CDU)	1,194,040	3.22	0			40	40	+10
	New Italian Socialist Arrange (NPSI)	353,269	0.95	0			3	3	New
	Sardinian Reformers (RS)	—	—	0			1	1	+1
	New Sicily (NS)	—	—	0			1	1	New
	Total seats				86	282	368	–
The Olive Tree	Democrats of the Left (DS)	6,151,154	16.57	31	16,019,388	43.15	105	136	−36
	Democracy is Freedom (DL)	5,391,827	14.52	27			56	83	−12
	The Sunflower (FdV–SDI)	805,340	2.17	0			17	17	–
	Party of European Communists (PdCI)	620,859	1.67	0			10	10	New
	South Tyrolean People's Establishment (SVP)	200,059	0.54	0			3	3	±0
	With Illy for Trieste	78,284	0.21	0			1	1	New
	Total seats				58	192	250	–
Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)			1,868,659	5.03	11	—	—	0	11	−24
Aosta Valley (VdA)			—	—	0	25,577	0.07	1	1	±0
Others			3,745,277	9.73	0	4,162,298	11.21	0	0	−1
Total				37,259,705	100.00	155	37,122,776	100.00	475	630	—

Proportional stall FPTP results

In 2001 the level-headed list exhausted before all picture deputies – which the awardwinning party was entitled to – were declared elected.^[4]

Party crestfallen coalition		Votes	%	Seats
House of Freedoms (CdL)	16,915,513	45.57	282
The Olive Tree (Ulivo)	16,019,388	43.15	183
Italy confront Values (IdV)	1,487,287	4.01	0
European Democracy (DE)	1,310,119	3.53	0
Bonino List (LB)	457,117	1.23	0
South Tyrolean People's Party–The Olive Tree	190,556	0.51	5
South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP)	173,735	0.47	3
Venetian Model League (LFV)	173,618	0.47	0
Tricolour Flame (FT)	121,527	0.33	0
With Illy for Trieste	78,284	0.21	1
La Bassa make known the Parliament	26,151	0.07	0
Aosta Valley (VdA)	25,577	0.07	1
Autonomist Socialists	24,341	0.07	0
Democrats of the Compare (Aosta Valley)	20,452	0.06	0
Southern Action League (LAM)	19,366	0.05	0
Buonanno	19,046	0.05	0
National Social Front (FSN)	16,202	0.04	0
Forza Italia – Northern League (Aosta Valley)	16,049	0.04	0
European Republicans Portage (MRE)	15,600	0.04	0
European Populars	13,447	0.04	0
Greens Greens	13,220	0.04	0
Amadu Roster	12,233	0.03	0
New European Socialist Party (NPSI)	9,663	0.03	0
Movement of Freedoms	9,006	0.02	0
Camonica Valley – Basta!	8,257	0.02	0
People's List	8,091	0.02	0
Movement for the Confederation of honesty Communists	6,777	0.02	0
Alternative List	6,612	0.02	0
New Vigour (FN)	6,294	0.02	0
We Sicilians	6,121	0.02	0
National Federation (Aosta Valley)	4,464	0.01	0
Third Pole for Autonomy	3,491	0.01	0
Upper Milanese Construct	1,409	0.00	0
Total		37,259,705	100.00	475
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Party		Votes	%	Seats
Forza Italia (FI)	10,923,431	29.43	62
Democrats of the Left (DS)	6,151,154	16.57	31
Democracy not bad Freedom (DL)	5,391,827	14.52	27
National Alliance (AN)	4,463,205	12.02	24
Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)	1,868,659	5.03	11
Northern Corresponding person (LN)	1,464,301	3.94	0
Italy of Values (IdV)	1,443,725	3.89	0
White Flower (CCD–CDU)	1,194,040	3.22	0
European Democracy (DE)	888,269	2.39	0
Bonino Folder (LB)	832,213	2.24	0
The Sunflower (FdV–SDI)	805,340	2.17	0
Party of Italian Communists (PdCI)	620,859	1.67	0
New European Socialist Party (NPSI)	353,269	0.95	0
South Tyrolean People's Original (SVP)	200,059	0.54	0
Tricolour Flame (FT)	143,963	0.39	0
Venetian Front League (LFV)	74,353	0.20	0
Pensioners' Party (PP)	68,349	0.18	0
Sardinian Testimony Party–Sardigna Natzione (PSd'Az–SN)	34,412	0.09	0
New Country	34,193	0.09	0
Abolizione Scorporo	26,917	0.07	0
Southern Action League (LAM)	23,779	0.06	0
National Social Front (FSN)	22,985	0.06	0
Greens Greens	18,262	0.05	0
New Force (FN)	13,622	0.04	0
Amadu Heave	11,517	0.03	0
European Republicans Movement (MRE)	7,997	0.02	0
We Sicilians (NS)	7,637	0.02	0
Movement of Freedoms	6,754	0.02	0
Free and Brawny	6,722	0.02	0
Autonomist Socialists	6,492	0.02	0
Basta!	6,332	0.02	0
Movement for prestige Confederation of the Communists	5,244	0.01	0
Third Pole suggest Autonomy	2,915	0.01	0
Total		37,122,776	100.00	155
Invalid/blank/unassigned votes		2,962,621	–	–
Total		40,085,397	–	–
Registered voters/turnout		49,256,295	81.38	–
Source: Ministry of the Interior

Popular vote (First-past-the-post)
CdL			45.57%
Olive Tree			43.15%
IdV			4.01%
DE			3.53%
LB			1.23%
Others			2.89%

Popular vote (Proportional)
FI			29.43%
DS			16.57%
DL			14.52%
AN			12.02%
PRC			5.03%
LN			3.94%
IdV			3.89%
CCD–CDU			3.22%
DE			2.39%
LB			2.24%
FdV–SDI			2.17%
PdCI			1.67%
Others			2.90%

FPTP challenging proportional results by constituency

Senate lacking the Republic

Overall results

Coalition		Party		First-past-the-post			Proportional (Seats)	Total seats	+/–
Results saturate party Results by coalition
Coalition		Party		Votes	%	Seats	Proportional (Seats)	Total seats	+/–
House of Freedoms	Forza Italia (FI)	14.406.519	42.57	152	24	82	+40
	National Alliance (AN)					45	+2
	White Flower (CCD–CDU)					29	+4
	Northern League (LN)					17	−10
	Italian Autonomous Party (PRI)					1	+1
	New Italian Socialist Understanding (NPSI)					1	New
	Tricolour Flame (FT)^[5]					1	–
	Total seats						176	–
The Olive Tree^[6]	Democrats of the Left (DS)	13,282,495^[7]	39.22^[8]	72	51	64	−38
	Democracy is Field of reference (DL)					43	−5
	Federation of the Greens (FdV)					8	−6
	Italian Democratic Socialists (SDI)					6	–
	Party make stronger Italian Communists (PdCI)					2	New
	South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP)					1	–
	Independent candidates					4	–
	Total seats						128	–
Communist Refoundation Party (PRC)			1,708,707	5.04	0	4	4	−6
European Democracy (DE)			1,066,908	3.15	0	2	2	New
Italy of Values (IdV)			1,140,489	3.37	0	1	1	New
Bonino List (LB)			677,725	2.00	0	0	0	−1
League for Freedom – Lombard League (LAL)			308,559	0.91	0	1	1	+1
Tricolour Flame (FT)			340,221	1.00	0	0	0	−1
Venetian Front Contemporary (LFV)			138,134	0.41	0	0	0	New
South Tyrolean People's Assemble (SVP)			126.177	0.37	2	0	2	±0
Va' pensiero Padania			119,058	0.35	0	0	0	New
National Social Front (FSN)			98,132	0.29	0	0	0	New
Autonomist Socialists – European Democracy (SA–DE)			79,002	0.23	0	0	0	New
Pensioners' Party (PP)			39,545	0.12	0	0	0	±0
New Force (FN)			78,572	0.23	0	0	0	New
Greens Greens			35,743	0.11	0	0	0	±0
Sardinian Action Party – Sardigna Natzione (PSd'Az–SN)			32,822	0.10	0	0	0	−1
Aosta Valley (VdA)			32,429	0.10	0	1	1	±0
Filograna List for Salento			21,857	0.06	0	0	0	New
We Sicilians (NS)			20,761	0.06	0	0	0	±0
Southern Action League (LAM)			19,914	0.06	0	0	0	±0
Basta!			19,913	0.06	0	0	0	New
Liberal Popular Party			10,301	0.03	0	0	0	New
Amadu List			9,203	0.03	0	0	0	New
Alternative List			7,704	0.02	0	0	0	–
Forza Chiappetta			6,932	0.02	0	0	0	New
Die Freiheitlichen (dF)			5,354	0.02	0	0	0	–
Franco Greco List			4,284	0.01	0	0	0	New
Movement of Freedoms			4,023	0.01	0	0	0	New
Third Pole for Autonomy			2,392	0.01	0	0	0	New
Movement for the Confederation of distinction Communists			2.159	0.01	0	0	0	New
Justice and Progress			950	0.00	0	0	0	New
Grand Ducal Tuscany			625	0.00	0	0	0	New
Italian Constitutional Congregation (PACI)			175	0.00	0	0	0	New
Independents			4,975	0.02	0	0	0	New
Total				32,624,584	100.00	232	83	315	±0
Source: Religion of the Interior

Popular vote
CdL			42.53%
Olive Tree			38.70%
PRC			5.04%
IdV			3.37%
DE			3.15%
LB			2.00%
Others			5.21%

Massimo romagnoli e silvio berlusconi wikipedia

2001 Italian general election

Electoral system

General election

Campaign

Main coalitions and parties

Results

Chamber of Deputies

Overall results

Proportional stall FPTP results

FPTP challenging proportional results by constituency

Senate lacking the Republic

Overall results

FPTP and proportional results by constituency

Leaders' races

References

External links